酸处理对玄武岩纤维微观结构和力学性能的影响

Effect of acid treatment on microstructure and mechanical property of basalt fiber

采用2.0mol/L H2SO4溶液为酸性侵蚀介质,在80℃下分别处理1、3、5和10h后得到酸处理的玄武岩纤维样品。利用SEM、EDS、XRD、FT-IR以及拉伸实验等研究酸处理对玄武岩纤维的形貌、成分、物相、分子结构以及力学性能的影响。结果表明,酸处理纤维能基本保持圆柱状形貌,成分趋于只含Si、O;酸处理纤维仍保持玻璃态结构,其指纹区红外吸收峰的峰形更尖锐、峰位移向高频区并出现Si—OH等特点;随着酸处理时间的延长,纤维的断裂强度(模量)保留率均呈下降的趋势,且下降的趋势减缓并趋于稳定。

The acid-treated basalt fibers were prepared in the 2.0mol/L H2SO4 solution at 80℃ for 1,3,5,10h.The SEM,EDS,XRD,FT-IR and tensile test were used to characterize the morphology,components,phase,molecular structure and mechanical property of acid-treated basalt fibers.The results show that the acid-treated basalt fiber has cylinder-like shape,and its components are nearly Si and O.This fiber still keeps glassy,and in FT-IR finger region the peaks become sharper and move to high frequency region.In addition,the Si—OH also appears in this FT-IR spectra.The values of tensile strength（modulus） retention of basalt fiber declines and gradually reach steady with different etching time.