老年女性日常生活照料需求及影响因素分析

Needs of daily living care and their influential factors among elderly female

目的分析山东省老年女性日常生活照料资源需求现状及其影响因素,探讨适合老年女性的日常生活照料资源。方法采用问卷调查收集378名老年女性的人口学资料、经济状况、躯体健康、心理健康、社会健康及日常生活照料资源需求状况,采用t检验、χ2检验、方差分析和逐步回归方法进行统计分析。结果老年女性日常生活依靠自身照料者256人,占67.72%,依靠家庭照料者119人,占31.48%,其中依靠配偶照料者87人,占23.02%,靠子女及其他亲属照料者32人,占8.47%,依靠社会照料者仅为3人,占0.79%;无论单因素分析还是多因素分析,年龄、居住状况、健康自评、日常生活能力(ADL)、功能性日常生活能力(IADL)及认知功能均为老年女性日常生活照料资源需求的主要影响因素。结论自身照料是老年女性日常生活照料的主要资源,配偶是来自家庭照料资源的主要力量;关注并提高老年女性ADL、IADL及认知功能,有助于老年女性的健康老龄化。

Objective To analyze the resource needs of daily living care and their influential factors among elderly female in Shandong province.Methods Totally 378 elderly female were interviewed with a questionnaire about their demographic information,economic state,physical health,psychological health,social health,and resource needs of daily living care.T test,Chi-square test,variance analysis,and regression analysis were used in data analysis.Results Of the elderly female,256（67.72%） depended on themselves in daily living care and 119（31.48%） depended on family,of which 87（23.02%） on spouse and 32（8.47%） on filial caregiving.Only 3（0.79%） elderly female were involved in social care resources.Both single-factor and multivariate analysis indicated that age,living condition,self-rated health,activities of daily living（ADL）,instrumental activities of daily living（IADL）,and cognitive function were major factors affecting resource needs of daily living care among the elderly.Conclusion Self care is the main resource for elderly female in daily living care and spouse is a major part of family care resources.Concerning and increasing ADL,IADL,and cognitive function could contribute to healthy aging for elderly female.