婴幼儿汞暴露相关影响因素分析

Hair mercury level and its influencing factors among children of 0-35 months

目的调查福建省厦门市婴幼儿汞暴露现状,并分析其相关因素,为采取干预措施提供依据。方法采用整群分层法选取10个社区的1 041名婴幼儿,对其日常家庭社会环境进行问卷调查,同时采集其发样进行发汞含量测定。结果婴幼儿发汞均值为0.985μg/g,几何均数为0.724μg/g,>1μg/g者占31.70%;海岛社区婴幼儿的发汞均值最高,为1.559μg/g,超标率为53.26%,偏僻农村最低,为0.684μg/g,超标率为14.42%;鱼类与贝类辅食摄入频率与婴幼儿发汞含量呈正相关,差异均有统计学意义(F=12.68,P<0.01;F=6.867,P=0.009);家中有人使用染发剂时婴幼儿发汞含量较高(t=3.165,P=0.002);婴幼儿的月龄与婴幼儿发汞含量呈正相关(β=6.186,t=2.220,P=0.027),婴幼儿性别、睡眠等因素与发汞含量无关。结论厦门市婴幼儿发汞水平接近临界值,居住在海岛的儿童发汞值高于偏僻乡村,随着年龄的增长,婴幼儿的发汞值逐渐增高;鱼类、贝类辅食的摄入及家庭环境中染发剂等的使用是婴幼儿汞暴露的主要来源。

Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of mercury exposure among community children aged 0-35 months in Xiamen city.Methods A total of 1 041 healthy children aged 0-35 months were selected from 10 communities with stratified cluster sampling and surveyed with Children Society and Family Questionnaire and the hair samples of the children were collected simultaneously from April to June of 2010.Results The average hair mercury was 0.985 μg/g,with a geometric mean of 0.724 μg/g.There was 31.70% of the children with hair mercury level over the reference dose（RfD） of 1 μg/g.The hair mercury level was the highest in the children of islet communities（1.559 μg/g,53.26% higher than that of RfD）,while,the lowest one was in the children from remote rural area（0.684 μg/g,14.56% higher than that of RfD）,with significant difference between the two groups（F=6.70,P=0.01）.Fish and shellfish consumption had a positive correlation with the hair mercury level（F=12.68,P0.01;F=3.596,P=0.009）.The children from the families with hair tint use had a higher hair mercury level than the chidren from families without hair tint use（β=6.186,t=3.165,P=0.002）.The hair mercury levels were positively correlated with the age（t=2.220,P=0.027）.However,hair mercury levels showed no correlation with gender and sleep status of the children.Conclusion The hair mercury level for 0-35 months old children in Xiamen city was close to the hazardous level.The hair mercury level was higher in the children from islets than those from the remote rural area.Fish and shellfish consumption and hair tint use were the main factors of mercury exposure.Older children had higher mercury level than younger children.