湖南农村双亲留守儿童生长发育影响因素分析

Status and influencing factors of growth and development among rural left-behind children in Hunan province

目的探讨湖南省农村<7岁双亲留守儿童生长发育状况及其影响因素。方法按照分层整群随机抽样原则,对随机选择的湖南省4县市695名<7岁农村留守儿童和592名对照儿童进行调查。结果双亲留守儿童与对照儿童的生长迟缓率分别为18.7%、16.4%,低体重率为2.0%、2.2%,超重率为1.0%、0.5%,肥胖率为3.7%、2.9%,差异均无统计学意义(χ2=1.184,P=0.276;χ2=0.015,P=0.821;χ2=1.038,P=0.358;χ2=0.748,P=0.387);双亲留守儿童贫血检出率(33.4%)高于对照儿童(26.0%)(χ2=8.265,P=0.004);多分类logistic回归分析结果显示,出生体重较重、不贫血、不挑食、家庭人口数较多、母亲文化程度较高,则身高别体重Z评分(WHZ)较高;母亲年龄较大及外出务工时间较长,则WHZ较低;父亲外出务工时间较长,年龄别身高Z评分(HAZ)较高;出生体重较重、散居、母亲文化程度较高,则年龄别体重Z评分(WAZ)较高;母亲年龄较大,WAZ评分低。结论湖南省学龄前双亲留守儿童生长发育存在迟缓现象,母亲年龄较大、母亲外出务工而造成的母亲照顾缺失对儿童的生长发育有延缓作用。

Objective To investigate the status and related influencing factors of growth and development among rural left-behind children under 7 years old in Hunan province.Methods Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 695 rural left-behind children and 592 controls for a questionnaire survey and physical measurement.Results The incidence rates were 18.7% and 16.4% for growth retardation,2.0% and 2.2% for underweight,3.7% and 2.9% for overweight,and 3.7% and 2.9% for obesity,respectively,among the left-behind and control children,with no significant differences between the two groups（P0.2 for all）.The rate of anemia in left-behind children（33.4%）was significantly higher than that of the control（26.0%,χ2=8.265;P=0.004）.The results of multivariate logistic regression analyses suggested that high birth weight,without particlar food in diet,big family size,with mothers of high education were positively related to high weight-for-height Z score;mothers at older age and longer time working out of the home were negatively related with weight-for-heigth Z score.The children with fathers working out of home for long time had high height-for-age Z scores and those children with high birth weight,living scattered,and mothers of higher education also had high weight-for-age Z scores.But the children with mothers at older age had low weight-for-age Z scores.ConclusionGrowth retardation is the major problem for rural left-behind children in Hunan province.With mothers at older age or working out of home for long time and giving less care to their children affect the growth of the children.