动物信号追踪和目标追踪行为及其神经机制

Behavioural and Neural Mechanisms of Sign-tracking and Goal-tracking in Animals

信号追踪和目标追踪的实质是条件刺激和非条件刺激结合诱导的条件性接近反应。条件刺激的预测作用和诱因作用是信号追踪和目标追踪的重要机制;伏隔核、中央杏仁核和前扣带回在信号追踪和目标追踪过程中具有重要作用;然而,大脑皮层和海马损伤对两者影响较小。DA功能降低可损害信号追踪获得和表达;而脑内DA含量增加可提高目标追踪。未来的研究中,应该规范条件刺激和非条件刺激的类型和设置方法,针对不同的研究目的个别地或同时地测量信号追踪和目标追踪。

Sign-tracking and goal-tracking are essentially conditioned approach responses which are induced by pairings of conditioned stimulus （CS） and unconditioned stimulus （US）. The predictive and incentive motivational properties of CS are important mechanisms of sign-tracking and goal-tracking. The nucleus accumbens, the central nucleus of the amygdala and the anterior cingulate cortex are required for sign-tracking and goal-tracking. But lesions of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus have little effect on sign and goal tracking. Reduced brain dopaminergic function impairs acquisition and expression of sign-tracking. Increased dopamine content in brain can promote goal-tracking. It will be important for future research to standardize categories and settings of CSs and USs, separately or simultaneously measuring sign-tracking and goal-tracking in terms of different research purposes.