2001—2011年广西壮族自治区平果县麻疹流行病学特征

Epidemiological characteristics of measles in Pingguo County of Guangxi from 2001-2011

目的通过了解平果县麻疹流行病学特征,探讨有效的控制策略,为持续消除麻疹提供科学依据。方法对2001—2011年麻疹发病情况及采取消除麻疹的策略和措施进行描述流行病学分析。结果 2001—2005年麻疹年平均发病率为20.15/10万,发病季节高峰在1—5月,县城周边4镇为高发乡镇,发病年龄以8月～<7岁儿童组最高,麻疹病例主要为无免疫史,与儿童的计划免疫管理存在薄弱环节有关,共发生麻疹暴发流行5起,死亡1例;2006—2009年麻疹年平均发病率为0.72/10万,以散发为主;2010—2011年无病例报告,实现消除麻疹的目标。结论常规麻疹免疫覆盖率低是麻疹高发的主要原因,实施麻疹疫苗强化免疫和查漏补种是消除麻疹的有效措施。平果县已实现消除麻疹的目标,应继续保持和巩固高水平易感人群麻疹减毒活疫苗免疫覆盖率,加强输入病例的监测,以达到持续消除麻疹的目的。

[Objective]To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Pingguo County,explore the effective measles control policies,and provide a scientific basis for sustainable measles elimination.[Methods]The descriptive epidemiological analysis was applied to analyze the incidence of measles,and the strategy and measures to eliminate measles in Pingguo County during 2001-2011.[Results]During 2001-2005,the average annual incidence of measles was 20.15/lakh,the peak season was January to May,the disease mainly occurred in four towns where surrounding the county town,most of patients were children aged 8 month to 7 years old.A majority of measles cases haven＇t received the immunity,which was related to the weak link of children EPI management.There were five measles outbreaks with 1 death case.During 2006-2009,the average annual incidence of measles was 0.72/lakh,and most were scattered cases.No measles cases were reported from 2010-2011,which indicated that the goal of measles elimination has been achieved.[Conclusion]Low coverage of routine measles vaccination is the main cause of the high incidence of measles.The supplementary immunization and revaccination are the effective measures of measles elimination.The goal of measles elimination has been achieved in Pingguo County,and it is necessary to keep the high coverage of measles vaccination in susceptible population,strengthen the monitoring of imported measles cases,to achieve the goal of sustainable measles elimination.