应急采血对血液安全及报废率的影响分析

Effects of Emergency Blood Collection on Blood Safety and Discarded Rate

目的探讨汶川地震应急采血对血液安全及报废率的影响。方法对比分析绵阳中心血站和德阳中心血站2007～2009年每年5月每日采血量、传染病检测阳性报废量、乳糜血报废量、新鲜冰冻血浆制备量、悬浮红细胞出入库量和外调血量,以及每年6月全血和悬浮红细胞过期报废量。结果 2个血站在震后1周内的血液采集量分别为1 257.5U和708U,日均采血量较震前大幅度增加;2个血站震后传染病检测阳性报废率与2007年、2009年同期相比无显著变化。绵阳中心血站2008年5月乳糜血报废率与2007年同期基本持平但略低于2009年,德阳中心血站该指标则较2007年、2009年同期大幅度上升;与2007年、2009年同期相比,2个血站2008年6月血液过期报废量均大幅度上升。结论在采血能力未受到明显影响的情况下,血源、血液安全及应急采血能力能够得以保障。但血站应积极完善血液应急保障预案,在确保应急采供血安全的同时,合理估计临床血液需求。

Objective To investigate effect of emergency blood collection on blood safety and discarded rates after Wen- chuan earthquake. Methods Daily collection volumes, units of RBC processed and released, units of blood transmitted, Lipae- mic plasma and infectious disease marker rates at the Mianyang Central Blood Station （MCBS） and Deyang Central Blood Station （ DCBS} in May among 2007, 2008 and 2009, blood expired rates at two CBSs in June among 2007,2008 and 2009 were com- pared respectively. Result The volume of blood collection in the first week after the earthquake at two CBSs were 1257.5U and 708U, which were higher than the amount in the corresponding periods in 2007 and 2009. Infectious disease marker rates changed little in three year at two CBSs. For MCBS, Lipaemic plasma discard rate was nearly the same as the former year but slightly lower than that of the latter year. The rate in 2008 at DCBS was much higher compared with those in the other two years. Burst in blood expired volume both occurred in June 2008 for two CBSs compared with the corresponding periods in 2007 and 2009. Conclusion The results indicated that under the condition of remaining the blood collecting ability of regional CBSs in the affected area, blood supply was available and blood safety and quality of emergency blood collection can be ensured. However, CBSs should per- fect contingency plan for emergency blood supply. It was necessary to reasonably estimate clinical blood demand, collect and dis- tribute blood while making certain the safety of emergency blood supply.