基于结构方程模型的城市公园居民游憩满意度

Residents recreation satisfaction index of Beijing city parks based on SEM

城市公园是承载居民日常游憩的主要空间,度量居民在城市公园的游憩满意度对于改善公园的游憩品质具有重要意义。结合城市公园的游憩特征和影响因素,文章构建了用于测度居民游憩满意度(RRSI)的结构方程模型;并以北京城市公园为例,在量表设计和问卷调查基础上,对居民游憩满意度进行了研究。研究结果表明,在影响居民游憩满意度的三大潜变量中,可达程度对居民游憩满意度影响最大,其次分别是感知质量和感知价值。深入分析发现,可达程度中的"公共交通"、"与居住区距离",感知质量中的"景观品质"、"休憩设施"、"公园治安"、"文娱活动"、"标识系统",感知价值中的"门票及消费"等观测变量对潜变量的作用更明显,是影响居民游憩满意度的主要因子。在研究结果的基础上,文章提出了改善城市公园游憩品质可资借鉴的政策建议。

City parks are the main spaces for residents＇ daily recreation. It is of important significance to measuring residents＇ recreation satisfaction so as to improve the quality of its recreation. In this paper, based on the advancement of currently internationally widely-used customer satisfaction models （CSM）, and associated with the factors of city parks＇ recreation, a structural equation model of measuring residents＇ recreation satisfaction index （RRSI） of city parks was established. Taking Beijing as an example, and based on scale design, questionnaire and survey, we examined the model. According to results of the model, among three latent variables influencing residents＇ recreation satisfaction index, the impact of ＂the accessibility＂ is the largest, followed by ＂the perceived quality＂ and ＂the perceived value＂ . Furthermore it is found that several observable variables, including ＂the distance from the residential areas＂ and ＂the public transports＂ inside ＂the accessibility＂ of latent variable, ＂the quality of landscape＂ , ＂the recreation facilities＂ , ＂the park security＂ , ＂the activities＂ and ＂signs system＂ inside ＂the perceived quality＂ of latent variable, and ＂the tickets and the expense＂ inside ＂the perceived value＂ of latent variable, have more significant impact on latent variables, which are main factors that can influence residents＇ recreation satisfaction. On this basis, this paper put forward suggestions in three aspects to improve the recreation quality of city parks： firstly, parks＇ accessibility should be advanced through perfecting traffic network and extending city parks＇ coverage to residential areas; secondly, construction of the parks＇ facilities and service should be enhanced; finally, residents in Beijing should be free from charge of city parks and openess of the ＂parks in parks be enlarged＂