牧区矿产资源开发引起的生态经济问题探析

Analysis on Eco-Economic Problems Caused by Exploitation of Mineral Resources in Pastoral Areas

牧区是以绿色草原为主体生态景观、草原畜牧业为基础产业的特殊经济区域。目前,我国牧区主要包括13个省(区)的268个牧区半牧区县(旗、市),主要集中分布于中西部经济地带和边疆少数民族地区。由于自然、地理、历史等原因,牧区仍然是全国经济发展的滞后区、民生改善的薄弱区、生态环境的脆弱区。特别是欠合理的开发利用矿产资源,已对牧区造成一定程度的资源破坏与环境污染。文章以内蒙古为例,主要对牧区矿产资源开发引起的生态经济问题进行分析,同时尝试提出解决现存问题、推进牧区生态经济协调持续发展的对策建议。

The pastoral area is a special economic region. For the pastoral area grassland is the main ecological landscape, and grassland animal husbandry is the basic industry. At present the pastoral areas in our country are mainly located in the central and western economic regions and minority frontier areas, and the pastoral areas mainly include 268 counties in 13 provinces, which are pastoral areas counties or semi-pastoral areas counties. Because of natural, geographical and historical reasons, etc., the pastoral areas still belong to the underdeveloped areas, weak zones about improvement of people＇s livelihood and eco-environmental fragile areas. Irrational exploitation and utilization of mineral resources have led to resource destruction and environment pollution in pastoral areas. This paper takes Inner Mongolia as an example, and analyzed eco-economic problems which were caused by exploitation of mineral resources in pastoral areas. And the suggestions and countermeasures were raised to resolve the existing problems and to promote the harmonious and sustainable development of ecological economy in pastoral areas.