我院2010-2011年病原菌分布及耐药性分析

Distribution and Drug Resistance of Pathogenic Bacteria in Our Hospital during 2010-2011

目的:了解我院病原菌的分布及其耐药情况,以指导临床合理用药。方法:对我院2010-2011年临床送检的标本进行微生物病原学培养、鉴定及药敏试验,并对结果进行汇总、分析。结果:2010、2011年检出支原体分别为300、651株,革兰阴性(G-)菌分别为74、131株,革兰阳性(G+)菌分别为54、76株。支原体主要为解脲脲原体和解脲脲原体+人型支原体,其中解脲脲原体+人型支原体对大环内酯类药罗红霉素、阿奇霉素、克拉霉素的耐药率均>75%,而对四环素类药美满霉素及强力霉素的耐药率低;G-菌以肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌、鲍曼不动杆菌为主,对氨苄西林、头孢呋辛、头孢唑林的耐药率均>70%,而对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、亚胺培南、阿米卡星的耐药率低;G+菌则主要以溶血葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌为主,对青霉素、苯唑西林的耐药率最高达100%,而对万古霉素、替考拉宁、利福平的耐药率为0。结论:我院病原菌的分布有其自身的特点,主要以支原体为主;其对大环内酯类耐药率高,而对四环素类耐药率低。

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in our hospital, and to guide ra- tional drug use in the clinic. METHODS： For the clinical specimen during 2010--2011, microbial etiology culture, identification and drug susceptibility test were operated, and the results were summarized and analyzed. RESULTS： Identified mycoplasma were 300 and 651 strains, Gram-negative （G-） bacteria were 74 and 131 strains, and Gram-positive （G＋） bacteria were 54 and 76 strains during 2010--2011. The most common encountered mycoplasma were ureaplasma urealyticum and ureaplasma urealyticum＋people type my- coplasma during 2010--2011. The resistance rate of ureaplasma urealyticum＋people type mycoplasma to azithromycin, roxithromy- cin and clarithromycin which belong to macrolides were all more than 75%, but high susceptibility to rninocycline and doxycy- cline. The most common encountered G- bacteria were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii; the re- sistance rate to ampicillin, cefuroxime and cefazolin was more than 70%, but the resistance rate to piperacillin/tazobactam, imipen- em and amikacin were low. G- bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus; the resistance rate to penicillin and oxacillin were as much as 100% but the resistance rate to vancomycin, teicoplanin and rifampi- cin were 0. CONCLUSION： The distribution of main pathogenic bacteria is primarily mycoplasma; the resistance rate of mycoplas- ma to macrolides is high, but to tetracyclines is low.