笼养大斑啄木鸟行为时间分配和活动节律

Time Budget and Activity Rhythm of Captive Great Spotted Woodpecker

2011年6～8月,在北京市野生动物救护中心露天笼舍内,采用瞬时扫描法对笼养条件下的4只大斑啄木鸟(Dendrocopos major)行为时间分配和活动节律进行了研究,利用单因素方差分析来说明不同性别大斑啄木鸟间行为时间分配差异以及研究对象在日间不同时间段行为节律差异。结果显示,笼养条件下大斑啄木鸟的各种行为活动具有一定的时间分配特点和日行为节律。大斑啄木鸟的行为主要表现为休息和飞行走动,占全部行为的36.24%和26.96%,其次为觅食行为,占17.69%。除觅食、理羽和其他行为外,雌雄间行为时间分配差异不显著(P>0.05)。大斑啄木鸟昼间活动的高峰期出现在上午,中午有午休现象,日间行为节律明显。飞行走动、休息、理羽、跳跃行为的发生频次在雌雄间无显著差异(P>0.05),而雄性觅食的发生频次显著地大于雌性的(P<0.05)。

The instantaneous scan method was used to study time budget and activity rhythm of four captive Great Spotted Woodpeckers （Dendrocopos major） in Beijing Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation Center from June to August in 2011. One-way ANOVA were used to analyze the differences in activity rhythm between hours and diurnal time budget between male and female. The birds spent their time mainly in resting, flying ＆ walking, and foraging at frequency of 36. 24% , 26. 96% , and 17.69% respectively. Except for foraging, preening and other behavior, the time budget of each behavior were not difference significantly between male and female （P 〉 0. 05）. The diurnal activity of the four birds had a significant rhythm with an activity peak in the morning and rest peak at midday. No significant difference was detected in frequency of flying and walking, preening, resting and jumping between male and female （ P 〉0. 05 ） , however, male foraged with a higher frequency than the female did （ P 〈 0. 05 ）.