天敌昆虫控害机制与可持续利用

Mechanism of pest management by natural enemies and their sustainable utilization

天敌昆虫是自然生态系统内抑制害虫种群的重要因子,利用天敌昆虫控制农业害虫是安全有效的害虫控制策略,也是未来害虫管理发展的方向。本文在系统总结国内外研究进展的基础上,提出害虫治理要从"被动应急控制"转变为内部助增的"主动促进自然调控"的新理念,创新多种天敌昆虫协同控制多种害虫的"网式协同调控"新途径,建立一个自我维持并可有效降低害虫种群水平的农业生态系统。未来的研究应针对"天敌昆虫调控害虫的内在机制"与"天敌昆虫在农业生态系统中持续发挥作用的生态学基础"等关键科学问题,从基因、个体、种群、群落和生态系统不同层次,重点开展:1)天敌昆虫寄生和捕食害虫的行为与适应机制;2)天敌昆虫大量繁育的营养与生殖生理基础;3)寄生性天敌昆虫与寄主互作的免疫机制;4)天敌昆虫协同控害的生态学机制;5)天敌昆虫可持续利用的生物防治新模式等方面的研究。

Natural enemies are a very important element of agricultural ecosystems. Utilisation of natural enemies is a safe and effective approach to the control of insect pests and is also the future trend in pest management. We here summarize progress in research on natural enemies and their sustainable use in China as well as around the world. We point out that we should take the initiative to promote natural control in pest management programs, develop novel approaches such as the ＂web-based coordinated control approach＂ in which several pests will be simultaneously suppressed by the collective actions of several natural enemies, and finally establish self-sustaining agricultural ecosystems in which natural enemies are a fully functional part and populations of insect pests are kept at a very low level. In the future we should focus our studies in two key areas ： the behavioural, physiological and molecular mechanisms of parasitism and predation by natural enemies, and how to assist natural enemies to suppress insect pests in intensive agricultural ecosystems. The following five research areas require particular attention at the different levels of gent, individual, population, community and ecosystem ： （ 1 ） parasitism and predation behaviour of natural enemies and their adaptation to their host/prey, （ 2 ） the nutrient and reproductive physiological basis for the mass rearing of natural enemies, （3） the mechanism of immuno-interaction between parasitoids and their hosts, （d） the ecological mechanism of pest control through the collective use of natural enemies, and （5） novel models for the biological control of pests focusing on sustainable utilization of natural enemies.