陕北横山杨界沙遗址动物遗存研究

Research on Faunal Remains from the Yangjiesha Site in Hengshan County,Shaanxi Province

杨界沙遗址位于陕西榆林市横山县雷龙湾乡沙峁村张油坊组,2010年发掘时出土了大量的动物遗存,时代为仰韶晚期。按照出土单位对所有的动物骨骼进行了科学的收集以及分类、测量和鉴定。通过系统的分类和研究表明至少代表3纲7目10科11个属种,包括蚌类、鸟类、环颈雉、刺猬、褐家鼠、中华鼢鼠、甘肃鼢鼠、草兔、黄鼬、狗、猪、鹅喉羚、绵羊。根据对出土动物骨骼的分析结果表明:遗址周围的自然景观以草原为主,草原上有草兔、绵羊等食草动物,不远处有一定面积沙漠,其间有鹅喉羚出没。草原和沙漠间分布着一定面积的水域,其间有蚌类出现。家养动物猪的肉量比例占到了整个食用动物群的87.9%,除了饲养家畜,捕猎野生动物也是当时人们的肉食来源之一。

This article focuses on the identification and analysis of faunal remains unearthed from the Yangjiesha Neolithic site at Hengshan County, Shaanxi Province, in 2010. These faunal remains were recovered from archaeological features of the Late Yangshao Period, including ash pits, house floors and storage pits. At least 13 species such as mussels, birds, hedgehogs, pheasants, sewer rats, Myospalaxfontanieri, Myospalax cansus, Siberian weasels, dogs, rabbits, domestic pigs, goitred gazelle and sheep, were identified. The analysis of these faunal remains indicate that the climate of the Late Yangshao Period was better than today with extensive grasslands present around the site, which deteriorated with desertification. Based on MNI, pigs comprised 87.9% of the faunal remains showing that the consumption of pigs played an important role in the subsistence system. Except for domestic animals, hunting wild animals was one of the main sources for human meat consumption.