成年女性乳头乳晕神经复合体解剖学特点及临床意义

Adult female nipple and areola nerve complex anatomical characteristics and clinical significance

目的研究成年女性乳头乳晕区神经来源及其分布情况,指导临床实践,尽可能保留乳头乳晕感觉功能。方法对8具成年女性尸体的15侧乳房标本进行大体解剖学研究,应用显微手术器械对乳头乳晕区的神经来源、分布进行追踪探查。结果肋间神经前皮支和外侧皮支共同构筑了乳头乳晕区神经网。15侧标本乳头乳晕区神经支配均由第3及第4肋间神经前皮支及第4和第5肋间神经的外侧皮支共同支配,其中第4肋间神经外侧皮支分布占据整个乳晕区神经分布约75%。结论乳头乳晕区神经分布广泛,呈现互补性,当第3或第5肋间神经受损时,乳头乳晕仍保留有大部分感觉功能。

Objective To investigate the origin and distribution of the nerves to adult female nipples and areola area and provide guidance to clinical practice so that sensation around the nipple-areolar complex can be maximally preserved. Method Origin and distribution of nerves around the nipple-areolar complex on 15 side breast specimens from eight adult female bodies were,explore and traced with microsurgical instruments. Result Anterior and lateral cutaneous branches from the intercostal nerves formed a neural network in the nipple-areola complex. The nipple-areolar complex was innervated by anterior cutaneous branches from the 3rd and 4th intercostal nerve and the lateral cutaneous branches from the 4th and 5th intercostal nerve, with the lateral cutaneous branch from the 4th intercostal nerve innervating about 75% of the nipple-areolar complex. Conclusion Innervation of Nipple-areolar complex have various sources with complementary property. When the 3rd or 5th intercostal nerve is damaged, the majority of the sensation of the nipple-areolar complex can be preserved.