股骨头钻孔减压孔径对股骨颈生物力学影响的实验研究

Effects of different tunnel sizes of femoral head core decompression on femoral neck biomechanics

目的观察经转子间股骨头减压钻孔的孔径对股骨颈生物力学的影响。方法取新鲜尸体股骨标本24具,随机分成4组:正常组、单孔减压组(D=10 mm)、双孔减压组(D=7 mm)和3孔减压组(D=7 mm)。在股骨颈主张力侧、主压力侧和小转子处各选择1点作为应变测试点,检测4组标本在,0～1200 N分级载荷下各测点的应变。结果在股骨颈主张力侧和主压力侧的测试点中,单孔减压组、双孔减压组和3孔减压组的应变值均大于正常组,其中双孔减压组的应变值在三组钻孔组间最小,并且与其它组间相比差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。结论经转子间股骨头钻孔减压明显影响股骨颈生物力学性能,与单纯大孔钻孔面积相同的2小孔钻孔减压对股骨颈生物力学性能影响较小。

Objective To observe the effects of different tunnel sizes of the femoral head core decompression on femoral neck biomechanics. Methods 24 fresh cadaver femur specimens were randomly divided into four groups： a normal group, a single-tunnel core decompression group （D=10 mm）, a 2-tunnel core decompression group （D=7mm） and a 3- tunnel core decompression group （D=7mm）. 3 points in main tension side, main pressure side and the lesser trochanter were chosen as the test points of strain from ON to 1200N load. Results The strain of the 2-tunnel group was the lowest among the normal group, the single-tunnel group, 2-tunnel group and 3-tunnel group; furthermore, the strain values of all of the 3 core decompression groups were larger than that in the normal group in tension side and the pressure side. Conclusion There is a significant effect on the femoral neck biomechanics by femoral head core decompression. The 2-tunnel （D= 7mm） with the lowest strain value may be the best choice to femoral head core decompression.