中国煤工尘肺发病水平的估算

Study of estimation method for incidence of new cases of coal workers＇ pneumoconiosis in China

目的利用我国报告煤工尘肺数据库数据和相关年鉴所提供的原煤年产量、产业工人数等数据，对我国煤工尘肺病的报告覆盖水平以及煤工尘肺发病水平进行估算和预测，为国家制定相关的预防控制对策提供科学数据。方法通过《中国煤炭工业统计年鉴》获得的煤炭工业100强企业（简称百强煤炭企业）的从业人数与其原煤年产量，计算各企业的年人均原煤产量。通过百强煤炭企业年人均原煤产量和百强煤炭企业以外的原煤年产量估算百强煤炭企业以外的企业从业人数。根据全国报告煤工尘肺的企业分布估算报告了煤工尘肺病例的企业从业人数，从而推算百强煤炭企业及非百强煤炭企业的报告覆盖率。通过报告覆盖率和全国报告煤工尘肺病例数估算煤工尘肺病例数及每百万吨原煤产量所致煤工尘肺病例数。结果百强煤炭企业和非百强煤炭企业年平均报告覆盖率分别为55．34％和5．18％，估算百强煤炭企业和非百强煤炭企业煤工尘肺新发病例数年平均为3088人和98205人。估算全国煤工尘肺平均年总新病例数为101293人。百强煤炭企业和非百强煤炭企业每百万吨原煤产量致煤工尘肺病例数平均为2．05人／百万吨和73．41人／百万吨。职业病报告煤工尘肺病例数占估算病例数的6．7％（6796／101293）。结论煤炭行业职业病防治水平整体急需提高，应加强对煤工尘肺估算结果的推广和应用，进一步加强职业病防治体系建设。

Objective To estimate the coverage level of case reporting for coal workers pneumoconiosis （CWP） and the incidence of CWP in China according to the data from CWP reporting database in China as well as the data on annual raw coal output, coal workers, etc. from relevant yearbooks, and to provide scientific data for CWP control measures. Methods The data on the numbers of coal workers and annual raw coal outputs of national top 100 enterprises in coal sector （Top 100 in coal sector） were acquired from China Coal Industry Yearbook; the annual per capita output of raw coal in each enterprise was calculated. The numbers of coal workers in the enterprises other than the Top 100 were estimated based on the annual per capita output of raw coal in the Top 100 and the annual raw coal outputs of the enterprises other than the Top 100. The numbers of coal workers in the enterprises that reported CWP cases were estimated based on the distribution of these enterprises in China, and the coverage rates of case reporting in the Top 100 and other enterprises were calculated accordingly. The total number of CWP cases and the number of CWP cases due to per million tons of raw coal output were estimated according to the coverage rates of case reporting and the total numbers of reported CWP cases in China. Results The mean coverage rates of＂ case reporting in the Top 100 and other enterprises were 55.34% and 5.18%, respectively. The estimated mean numbers of new CWP cases in the Top 100 and other enterprises were 3088 and 98205, respectively; the estimated total number of new CWP cases nationwide was 101293. The estimated mean numbers of new CWP cases due to per million tons of raw coal output were 2.05 in the Top 100 and 7341 in other enterprises. The number of reported CWP cases accounted for 6.7% of the estimated number of CWP cases （6796/101293）. Conclusion It is urgent to enhance occupational disease control in coal sector, and the estimation results for CWP should be spread and applied. The system of occupational disease control should be further improved.