职业接触岩棉对工人机械性刺激作用的调查

Study of mechanical irritation effects in workers exposed to rock wool

目的探讨职业接触岩棉对工人皮肤、眼和上呼吸道的机械性刺激作用。方法对工作场所空气中的岩棉总粉尘质量浓度和纤维计数浓度进行检测。选择生产和加工岩棉的109名工人作为接触组，选择空气分离、造纸和制盖企业不接触岩棉的104名工人作为对照组，进行问卷调查以及皮肤、眼、鼻咽部检查。结果接触组接触性刺激性皮炎检出率为10．1％（11／109），与当前的总粉尘接触水平呈线性趋势关系（P〈0．05），与接触工龄无关联性（P〉0．05）。接触组检出结膜炎14例，检出率为12．8％，明显高于对照组（3例，2．8％），差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。接触组皮肤痒和眼睛痒症状的发生率（59例，54．1％和46例，42．9％）均明显高于对照组（12例，11．5％和27例，26。5％），差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05），接触组中不同接触水平和不同接触工龄间皮肤痒和眼睛痒症状发生率的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。接触组与对照组的慢性鼻炎和慢性咽炎检出率以及鼻、咽部症状发生率的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论职业接触岩棉对皮肤和眼具有一定的机械性刺激作用，应控制当前的总粉尘接触水平。

Objective To explore the effects of mechanical irritation to the skin, eyes, and upper respiratory tract in workers exposed to rock wool. Methods The gravimetric concentration of total dust and number concentration of fibre in the air of the rock wool workplace were determined . 109 rock wool manufacturing and processing workers were taken as the exposed group, 104 workers from an air separation plant, a papermaking plant and covermaking plant were served as control group. All subjects accepted the questionnaire interview and clinical examination of the skin, eyes, nose and the pharynx. Results 10.1% of the exposed group had the irritant cantact dermatitis, which showed linear trend with the current gravimetric concentration of total dust （P〈0.05） but no association with the exposure age （P〉0.05）, and the detection rate of conjunctivitis of the exposed group （12.8%） was significantly higher than the control group （2.8%） （P〈0.05）. The percentages of shin and eye itching symptoms of the exposed group （54.1% and 42.9%） were significantly higher than the control group （11.5% and 26.5%） （P〈0.05）, but the differences among/between the exposed subgroups with different exposure level and different exposure age were not statistically significant （P〉0.05）. The differences of the detection rate of chronic rhinitis and chronic pharyngitis and the percentages of the symptoms of nose and pharynx between the exposed group and contaol group were not statistically significant （P〉0.05）, except the rhinorrhea symptom. Conclusions Occupational exposure to rock wool had some degree of the mechanical irritation effects on the skin and eyes. The current exposure level of total dust should be emphatically contolled.