细胞共培养法诱导兔脂肪来源干细胞向软骨细胞分化的实验研究

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON CHONDROGENIC DIFFERENTIATION OF ADIPOSE-DERIVED STEM CELLS CO-CULTURED WITH CHONDROCYTES

目的利用软骨细胞与脂肪来源干细胞(adipose-derived stem cells,ADSCs)共培养,观察ADSCs是否能向软骨细胞定向分化。方法 4月龄健康新西兰大白兔8只,雌雄不限,体重2.2～2.7 kg,分离、培养兔软骨细胞和ADSCs,取第2代细胞用于实验。将实验分为两组,实验组各取将1 mL细胞密度为2×104个/mL的软骨细胞和ADSCs分别接种至Transwell小室6孔板上、下层共同培养,对照组单独培养ADSCs。倒置相差显微镜观察两组ADSCs形态变化;培养14 d后行甲苯胺蓝染色、Ⅱ型胶原免疫组织化学染色,实时荧光定量PCR检测两组ADSCsⅡ型胶原、蛋白聚糖、SOX9 mRNA表达。结果倒置相差显微镜观察示,随培养时间延长,实验组ADSCs逐渐变为软骨样细胞形态,呈圆形;对照组ADSCs仍以梭形为主,呈束状或漩涡状生长。培养14 d,实验组甲苯胺蓝染色、Ⅱ型胶原免疫组织化学染色均为阳性;对照组均为阴性;实时荧光定量PCR检测示,实验组Ⅱ型胶原、蛋白聚糖、SOX9 mRNA相对表达量分别为1.43±0.07、2.13±0.08、1.08±0.08,显著高于对照组(0.04±0.03、0.13±0.04、0.10±0.02),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论通过与软骨细胞共同培养,ADSCs可定向分化为软骨细胞。

Objective To observe the chondrogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells （ADSCs） 0y co-culturing chondrocytes and ADSCs. Methods ADSCs and chondrocytes were isolated and cultured from 8 healthy 4-month-old New Zealand rabbits （male or female, weighing 2.2-2.7 kg）. ADSCs and chondrocytes at passage 2 were used. The 1 mL chondrocytes at concentration 2 ×104/mL and 1 mL ADSCs at concentration 2 × 104/mL were seeded on the upper layer and lower layer of Transwell 6-well plates separately in the experimental group, while ADSCs were cultured alone in the control group. The morphology changes of the induced ADSCs were observed by inverted phase contrast microscope. The glycosaminoglycan and collagen type II synthesized by the induced ADSCs were detected with toluidine blue staining and immunohistochemistry staining. The mRNA expressions of collagen type II, aggrecan, and SOX9 were detected with real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. Results ADSCs in the experimental group gradually became chondrocytes-like in morphology and manifested as round; while ADSCs in the control group manifested as long spindle in morphology with whirlool growth pattern. At 14 days after co-culturing, the results of toluidine blue staining and immunohistochemistry staining were positive in the experimental group, while the results were negative in the control group. The results of real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR indicated that the expression levels of collagen type II, aggrecan, and SOX9 mRNA in the experimental group （1.43 ± 0.07, 2.13 ± 0.08, and 1.08 ± 0.08） were significantly higher than those in the control group （0.04 ± 0.03, 0.13± 0.04, and 0.10± 0.02） （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion ADSCs can differentiate into chondrocytes-like after co-culturing with chondrocytes.