北京地区有机物种人为源排放量及O_3生成潜势估算

Estimation of anthropogenic emissions and ozone formation potential of speciated VOCs in Beijing area

在华北地区总VOCs排放清单的基础上,通过调研国、内外VOCs主要人为污染源排放源谱,计算了北京市各行业、各区县88个VOCs物种的排放量,发展了北京市2003年和2006年VOCs物种排放清单,并估算了北京地区VOCs排放的O3生成潜势.结果显示:北京市2003年和2006年人为源向大气排放VOCs总量分别为34.6×104t和55.0×104t,VOCs排放总OFP值分别为131.9×104t和209.5×104t;对北京地区O3生成潜势贡献最大的前10个VOCs物种依次为乙烯、间/对-二甲苯、甲苯、1-丁烯、异戊烷、反-2-丁烯、丙烯、顺-2-丁烯、邻-二甲苯和乙炔,这10个物种的累计排放量占VOCs排放总量的60%左右,但对总OFP值的贡献率接近80%;北京城区是VOCs排放的高值区,同时也是O3生成潜势最大的区域;降低交通排放、溶剂挥发及油品挥发排放是降低北京地区VOCs排放、控制O3生成的有效途径.

Based on the emission inventories of total volatile organic compounds （VOCs） for Huabei, the amounts of 88 VOC species emitted from main anthropogenic sources in each district and county of Beijing in 2003 and 2006 were calculated, using the source profiles of VOCs measured domestically or reported abroad in literature. An emission inventory of speciated VOCs was developed, and the ozone formation potential （OFP） of VOCs was estimated. The total amounts of the VOCs emitted from anthropogenic sources were 34.6×10^4t in 2003 and 55.0×10^4t in 2006. The OFPs of the VOCs emitted in 2003 and 2006 were 131.9×10^4t and 209.5×10^4t, respectively. The top 10 species, in terms of OFP, consisted of ethylene, m,p-xylene, toluene, 1-butene, i-pentane, t-2-butene, propene, c-2-butene, o-xylene, and acetylene. These species contributed about 60% to the total VOC emissions but accounted for 80% of the OFPs in the region. Both high VOC emission and OFP values appeared in the urban area of Beijing. Decreasing the traffic exhaust, solvent volatilization and gasoline evaporation should be the most effective way to reduce VOC emissions and control ozone formation in Beijing area.