《史记·荆轲传》与《战国策·燕太子丹质于秦》关系考论

Textual Research of the Relationship Between the Records of Jing Ke in Historical Records and ChingK’o the Assassin in Chan-kuo Ts’e

《史记》、《战国策》所记荆轲刺秦事文字高度重合,其真实关系究竟为何,长期以来一直存在不同看法。而所以如此,一方面是受制于已知材料难以决断,另一方面则是研究方法犹可商榷。事实上,战国史料中并不存在一个司马迁在其基础上"增益"以作《荆轲传》,且为刘向编入《战国策》的文本;唐人所见《战国策》已非刘向古本原貌,今本《战国策·燕策三·燕太子丹质于秦》章乃后人据孔衍《春秋后语·燕语》之荆轲刺秦部分补入,时间当在隋唐之际。

The two texts of the record of Jing Ke Assassinated the King of Qin highly coincide in the Historical Records and the Chan-kuo Ts’e,which led to various perspectives on the truth of their relationship.The cause for this contention for long is the restriction arose both by the known materials and the study methods in question.The text of Chan-kuo Ts’e in the Tang Dynasty is not the same as its origin by Liu Xiang,and the text we read now of Chingk’o the assassin in Chan-kuo Ts’e is supplemented by posterity according to the Chun Qiu Hou Yu by Kong Yan during the Sui and Tang Dynasty.