从歌功颂德到体物写志的嬗变——论汉至建安咏物赋的意义转变

The Change from Eulogy to Lyric:the Meaning Transformation of Chanting Metrical Compositions from Han to Jianan

中国辞赋文学以散体大赋为正宗,而以短篇小赋为别体。汉末建安之际赋体变革,咏物赋篇数增多,多为短篇且富有文学情趣,成为赋体文学发展史中的奇葩。汉代咏物赋在创作主旨上呈现出歌功颂德的倾向,辞藻华丽,而在东汉末期咏物赋开始向抒情的楚骚传统复归,形式短小,这种端倪在建安时期得以成熟,真正走向了体物写志,呈现出题材多样化、描写通俗化、语言口语化、审美抒情化的特点,成为赋史发展过程中的重要环节。

Da Fu with prose style is the authentic type of Chinese style of metrical composition, and the short Fu is the other kind of independent Chinese metrical composition. During the period between Han and Ji- anan, the body of Fu was transformed, with chanting metrical compositions increasing. Most of Fu were short ones full of literature interests, and became the wonderful works in the development history of Chinese style of metrical literature. The chanting metrical compositions in Han presented the trend of eulogy in the purport of creation, with colorful rhetoric. But chanting metrical compositions at the end of East Han began to return to the tradition of Cu Sao, with short and small form. This sign began to be mature in the period of Jianan, really stepped into the lyric （manifesting objects and expressing wills）, and displayed the characteristics like the di- versity of topics, the popularization of description, the colloquialism of language, the lyricism of aesthetics and thus becoming the important links in the developing process of Fu history.