教师教育的新展望:迈向博雅精神的新时代

The New Vision of Teacher Education: towards A New Era of Liberal Spirit

近年来,教师教育改革取得了极大成就,但同样也面临着一些困境。困境突出体现在,受到工具理性主义的影响,我们对教师教育的立场存在着模糊与误解,执着于技术理性取向的教师教育观,而忽视了教师教育所应具有的"博雅"传统。博雅精神的教师教育更关注作为"人"的教育者,要想成为优秀的教育者,必然置放在"幸福"、"自由"、"德性"这一本质意义来理解儿童,理解教育。因此,任何有助于养成儿童之为完全人格、幸福人生、自主意识、德性伦理等方面的熏陶与涵养的功夫均是教师教育必然要考虑的内容。迈向博雅精神新时代的教师教育主要有三层境界,即意识境界、德性境界和心灵境界。意识境界追寻的是成为教育者的"独立之精神,自由之思想"的民主教育精神,德性境界寻绎的是教育者的"内心之修养,穷神之知化"的人文伦理精神,心灵境界上达的则是教育者的"大全之所悟,天地之参化"的人生幸福精神。

In recent years, the reform of teacher education has made great achievements, but also facing difficulties. Un- derlines the need is reflected in our position on teacher education, due to the influence of instrumental rationalism, there are vague and misunderstanding attached to the technical-rational orientation of teacher education concept, to the neglect of teacher education should have the ＂liberal＂ tradition. Teacher Education in the Perspective of instrumental rationalism in pursuit of the professional attributes of teacher training with special emphasis on subject knowledge, theoretical knowledge of development and education, teaching skills and training for it is concerned that as the ＂education＂ actually should have pro- fessional standards, it is bound to pursue with the demands of teacher professionalization process. But the spirit of liberal arts teacher education are more concerned about education as a ＂human being＂ in order to become outstanding educators, must be placed in the ＂happiness＂ and ＂freedom＂ and ＂virtue＂ of the nature of significance to understand the education, Therefore, any effort to help develop the complete personality, the influence of the happy life, self-awareness, moral ethics and conservation are the content of teacher education must consider. Pursue the realm of consciousness is the spirit of demo- cratic education as an education, ＂the spirit of independence, freedom of thought＂, asking for virtue realm of the educator＇ s ＂sense of accomplishment, and Supernatural of the knowledge＂ of the Humanities and the ethical spirit, soul up on the realm of education ＂Summa of enlightenment, heaven and earth parameters＂ the spirit of happiness in life.