小肠糖异生与糖代谢调节

Intestinal gluconeogenesis and regulation of glucose metabolism

糖异生是指将非糖化合物如乳酸、甘油、生糖氨基酸等转变为葡萄糖或糖原的过程，是机体内源性葡萄糖的主要来源，对维持血糖平衡具有重要作用。除了肝脏、肾脏，越来越多的研究证实，在长期禁食、肝糖原缺乏以及糖尿病状态下，小肠能利用谷氨酰胺、甘油合成葡萄糖。与肝脏糖异生不同的是，通过小肠产生的葡萄糖不仅维持机体的血糖平衡，还能控制食欲，并且增加机体胰岛素敏感性，还可能是糖尿病胃旁路术后血糖水平改善的重要机制，对肥胖和2型糖尿病的防治有重要意义。

Gluconeogenesis is a process that translates lactate, glycerin and glycogenic amino acid into glucose or glycogen. It is a major source of endogenous glucose production and of importance on the whole body glucose homeostasis. More and more studies confirm that intestine can utilize glutamine and glyc- erin to synthetize glucose in fasting,lacking of hepatic glycogen and diabetic status. Distincting from hepatic gluconeogenesis,intestinal glucose not only contributes to the glucose homeostasis, but also reduces food-in- take and improves insulin sensitivity. Intestinal gluconeogenesis is a key factor for early metabolic changes af- ter gastric bypass ,which might have beneficial consequences on obesity and type 2 diabetes.