1～36月龄早产儿闪光视觉诱发电位随访研究

Follow-up study on flash visual evoked potentials in preterm infants from 1 to 36 months

【目的】探究1～36月龄早产儿闪光视觉诱发电位(flash visual evoked potential,FVEP)发育进程,比较其与同龄足月儿的差异,为实施针对性早期干预提供依据。【方法】依据出生体重不同,将早产儿分为极低出生体重(very low birth weight,VLBW)组、低出生体重(low birth weight,LBW)组以及对照组,应用美国Viking-Ⅳ诱发电位仪,纵向记录三组儿童在1、3、6、9、12、18、24、36月龄(早产儿按矫正月龄)FVEP主波P2波潜伏期、振幅值。【结果】三组儿童FVEP发育轨迹大致相似,随月龄增长P2潜伏期呈下降趋势,6月龄内下降幅度最大;VLBW组与对照组相比,在1～24月龄均显示P2波潜伏期显著延迟,36月龄差异无统计学意义;LBW组与对照组相比,仅在1、3、6月龄段显示P2波潜伏期显著延迟。【结论】早产、低出生体重对婴幼儿的视觉系统发育有明显的不良影响,尤其对VLBW早产儿的影响更加显著,应加强对这类儿童在学龄前期的视功能状态的随访评估。

[Objective] To explore the evolution of flash visual evoked potentials （FVEP） in preterm infants from 1 to 36 months,and compare to the full-term. [Methed] Using the Viking-IV visual electrophysiological testing device,the latency and amplitude values of the P2 main wave on FVEPs were recorded in infants longitudinally at 1,3,6,9,12,18,24 and 36 months. [Results] The trends of FVEPs were similar in the three groups of children, the latency of the P2 showed a significant decrease along with the age, but the amplitude had no difference. The latency of the P2 was more significantly delayed in VLBW group than in full-term group from 1 to 24 months,but there was no significant difference at 36 months; the LBW group showed the latency of the P2 wave was significantly delayed compared with the full-term group,only in 1～6 months. [Cenclusiens] Premature and LBW have the negative influence on the development of childreffs visual system,especially for VLBW. The follow-up evaluation of visual function state of this preterm group should be strengthened in school-age period.