正史所见晋唐宋元时期“虎患”

Tiger Disaster Found in Official History Books of Wei,Jin,Tang,Song and Yuan Dynasties

晋唐宋元时期正史对虎患和虎害多有记载。面对虎患,人们采取了即时性捕杀措施;对一些虎患较为严重的地方,官方采取了有计划、有组织的捕杀。正史对虎患问题的解读主要是伦理性的,体现出对传统社会伦理中仁政、忠孝、道德教化等的重视和推崇,但从史料中也可看出唐宋以后虎患更为严重的趋势,这与虎类生存环境受到挤压有关。

Former scholars mainly pay attention to the tiger disaster and interrelated problems during the Ming and Qing dynasties. However, the historical records concerning the tiger disaster during the Wei,Jin,Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties are so many. Many tiger disasters were recorded in official history books . After looking for the official history books,the author has founded a lot of tiger disasters. Many accidents of tiger＇s attacking human happened. The tiger disaster became a big problem during the Wei,Jin,Tang,Song and Yuan Dynasties. In dealing with the tiger disaster, people used to take immediate measures of catching and killing it. The interpretation of historical events of the tiger disaster is ethical, especially the policies of moral principle of benevolence and heaven sensing system of thought. The author also thinks that the ecological surroundings have been destroyed seriously,with the percentage of forest and vegetation dropped, the tiger disaster was more serious in the Tang,Song and Yuan dynasties than before.