新近发现的冠状病毒研究进展

Advances in Recently Identified Coronaviruses

冠状病毒是自然界中广泛存在的一大类家族,人和多种动物易感。人冠状病毒感染后,通常引起普通感冒症状,严重者能造成死亡。冠状病毒广泛的宿主性以及自身基因组的结构特征使其在进化过程中极易发生基因重组,呈现遗传多样性;新亚型及新的冠状病毒在此过程中不断出现。本文针对新近出现的冠状病毒,尤其是SARS样冠状病毒(SARS-like-CoVs)以及2012年发现的新型人冠状病毒EMC(HCoV-EMC)的基因组结构特征及冠状病毒跨种属传播机制的最新研究进展作简要论述。

Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses which include viruses that cause the common cold and severe acute respiratory syndrome （SARS） in humans and other diseases in animals. There are considera- ble genetic diversities within coronaviruses due to their wide rang hosts and their special gene replication and transcription mechanisms. During this process, gene recombinations often occur, resulting in novel subtype or coronavirus emerge constantly. Of note are SARS-Iike-CoVs and novel HCoV-EMC identified in 2012. genome This minireview summarized major advances of recently identified coronaviruses, focusing on the structures and interspecies jumping mechanism of coronavirus.