初产妇产后母乳喂养自我效能现状及影响因素

The situation and influencing factors of the breastfeeding self-efficacy among primiparas

目的调查初产妇产后母乳喂养自我效能现状并分析其相关因素，为促进初产妇母乳喂养行为提供参考依据。方法采用方便抽样的方法，自2010年11月至2011年11月选取分娩的足月单胎初产妇436例，采用产妇一般情况问卷、母乳喂养自信心量表、社会支持评定量表对初产妇进行问卷调查，分析初产妇产后母乳喂养的自我效能和社会支持情况。结果共发放问卷436份，回收有效问卷382份，有效回收率为87．6l％。初产妇母乳喂养自我效能感平均得分为（102．86±15．29）分。20～24岁，25～29岁和≥30岁初产妇母乳喂养自我效能感平均得分分别为（97．96±19．20），（107．86±15．29），（101．70±13．30）分，差异有统计学意义（F=6．01，P〈0．05）；产假时间〈2个月，2-3个月，〉3个月初产妇母乳喂养自我效能感平均得分分别为（96．96．4-12．52），（105．52±16．86），（102．74士15．29）分，差异有统计学意义（F=8．31，P〈0．05）；有无产前哺乳辅导初产妇母乳喂养自我效能感平均得分分别为（112．60±10．52），（87．12±11．98）分，差异有统计学意义（t=13．20，P〈0．01）。不同文化程度、宗教信仰、职业初产妇喂养自我效能差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。社会支持中情感支持、信息支持、评价支持及社会支持总分均与母乳喂养自我效能总分呈正相关（r值分别为0．381，0．207，0．322，0．354；P均〈0．05）。结论临床医护人员可通过加强产前教育中的哺乳知识辅导，根据产妇年龄、社会背景等有针对性地进行产前教育，以促进产妇哺乳率的提高。

Objective To investigate the situation and influencing factors of the breastfeeding self- efficacy among primiparas in order to provide evidence for intervention of breastfeeding promotion. Methods Totals of 382 primiparas were recruited and investigated by convenience sampling method between November 2010 and November 2011 with questionnaires such as breastfeeding confidence scale and social support scale. Results The average scores of breastfeeding self-efficacy among primiparas was （ 102.86 ±15.29）. The primiparas with different ages （20 - 24,25- 29, ≥ 30 years）, period of maternity leave （ 〈 2,2 3, 〉 3 months）, breastfeeding education before ante partum had significantly different score of breastfeeding self- efficacy （P 〈 0. 05 ）. The influencing factors of self-efficacy included age, period of maternity leave, breastfeeding education before ante partum. The dimensions of emotion support, information support and evaluation support of social support were positively correlated with the total score of breastfeeding self-efficacy （P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusions Breastfeeding education for the primiparas should be strengthened to promote breastfeeding behaviors. Further more, the primiparas＇ individual and social backgrounds should be considered during the education.