苦马豆素的来源及其生物合成研究进展

Research advances in sources and biosynthesis of swainsonine

苦马豆素是苦马豆属、棘豆属、黄芪属、番薯属、黄花稔属等某些有毒植物的主要毒性成分,动物采食该类植物会发生以神经系统功能紊乱为特征的中毒病,搞清苦马豆素的来源对防治该类植物引起的动物中毒病具有重要意义.苦马豆素具有良好的抗肿瘤和免疫调节作用,但价格昂贵,不易从植物中提取.豆类丝核菌、金龟子绿僵菌、疯草内生真菌等能够产生苦马豆素,利用该类真菌生物合成苦马豆素可为苦马豆素的批量生产开辟新途径.本文主要对苦马豆素的来源和生物合成研究概况进行综述,旨在为苦马豆素引起的动物中毒病的防治和医学应用研究提供思路和认识.

Swainsonine is identified as the principal toxic agent in the poisonous plants of the genera Swainsona, Astragalus, Oxytropis, Ipomoea and Sida. The animals consumed the plants exhibit the functional disorder of nervous system. It is highly important for the prevention of animal toxosis to investigate the sources of swainsonine. Swainsonine is a potent anticancer and immunoregulation agent. However, the compound is expensive and difficult to be isolated from the plants. Some fungi, Rhizocroniu leguminicola, Metarhizium anisopliae and fungal endophytes from locoweed, can produce swinsonine. It is a new avenue to obtain swainsonine using the fungi to synthesize the compound. The researches on sources and biosynthesis of swainsonine were summarized in this paper to offer some elicitation and knowledge for the prevention of animal toxosis and the application of swainsonine in medicine research.