美国早期两党斗争的特点

Features of Struggle Between Two Parties in American Early Stage

18世纪 90年代是美国政党初创时期 ,相继产生了两个全国性的政党———联邦党与共和党。由于经济利益上的矛盾和建国方略的不同 ,两党处于尖锐对立的状态。尽管两党刚诞生不久 ,斗争却异常激烈。这时期的两党斗争呈现出如下特点 :1 )一党大权独揽 ,联邦党完全把持了政府权力和政策的制定。 2 )国会中形成两军对垒 ,两党就内外政策的立法展开激烈的斗争。3)两党斗争从内阁到社会全面铺开 。

The nineties of eighteenth century were the years when American political parties were originated.One after another,two political parties were born,one was the Federalist Party,the other was the Republican Party.The two parties held totally different view of economic interests and guiding principle of the state construction.Although the two parties were newly formed then,the competition between them was severe.In the period,the struggle between the two parties showed the following features:1) All political power was controlled by the Federalist Party alone.It had both the government power and the power of making policies.2) There were two opposite camps in Congress.The argument was intensely engaged by the two parties on legislation of domestic and foreign policies.3) The argument of the two parties was spreaded from the Cabinet to the whole society.Even the great masses were led to enter the political life of the country.