优秀速滑选手于静实地滑冰和陆上模拟滑冰肌电特征比较研究

Comparative Study on EMG Feature of Actual Skating and Analog Skating for Elite Speed-Skating Athlete Yu Jing

运用表面肌电遥测和高速摄影同步测试方法,结合功能解剖学知识,对于静实地滑冰和陆地模拟滑冰动作结构和肌电特征对比分析,探讨两者差异。结果显示:陆地模拟滑冰单步周期各动作阶段用时明显长于实地滑冰;实地滑冰和陆地模拟滑冰单步周期技术动作构成不一致;两者单步周期各阶段腿部肌肉放电强度存在差异,从单步周期总体来看,实地滑冰腿部各肌肉放电强度明显强于陆地模拟滑冰;实地滑冰腿部各肌肉最大用力程度均大于陆地模拟滑冰,主要用力肌肉股四头肌和股后肌群尤为明显。表明:陆上模拟滑冰作为陆上训练期保持滑跑感觉、体验滑跑技术细节和模拟滑冰全过程力量训练的方式不合理,长期坚持练习对改进滑冰技术动作细节有负面影响。

By using the methods of SEMG synchronized with high-speed photography and combining functional anatomical knowledge, the paper analyzed the structure of Yu Jing movements and EMG features on the actual skating, explored the differences in actual skating and analog skating. The results showed that analog skating of the single-step cycle of each action stage was significantly longer than the actual skating; Actual skating and analog of skat- ing single-step cycle technology action constitutes was not consistent; Actual skating and analog of single step-cycle skating every stage of leg muscles dis- charge intensity was discrepant, from single -step cycle of the overall situation, actual skating leg muscles discharge intensity was obviously strengthened than analog skating; Actual skating leg muscle strength of the largest degree was higher than that of analog skating, of which the main force muscles- quadriceps femora and antagonistic muscle of the after initiation muscle group was particularly obvious, showed that analog skating as land training period to keep rollout feeling, experience rollout technical details and simulation of the whole process of the skating strength training way is not reasonable, if you insist on long-term practice to the improvement of the skating technology action details may have a negative impact.