青少年暴力风险相关心理影响因素分析

Analysis of psychological factors associated with the risk of adolescent violence

目的探讨暴力高危青少年的自尊、应对方式以及生活事件应激水平，及三者之间的相互关系。为制定针对性干预措施提供依据。方法通过整群抽样选取2所中学的1312名学生，使用自尊量表（SES）、简易应对方式量表（SCSQ）和青少年生活事件量表（ASLEC）在自尊水平、应对方式、应激水平三个方面进行对照研究，并对三者和暴力行为之间的关系进行分析。结果回收问卷1312份，1305份有效。男生663人，女生642人，平均年龄（14．37±1．71）岁。暴力高风险学生筛出率为9．43％（123／1305）；男性青少年的暴力风险高于女性（7．6％VS1．8％，P=0．000）。以是否存在暴力高风险为因变量，相关心理因素为自变量进行Logistic回归分析显示：男性（OR=4．427，95％CI：2．595～6．952）、消极应对分数偏高（OR=2．251，95％ CI：1．452～3．488）、ASLEC“其他”因子分数偏高（OR=4．517，95％a：2．272～8．978）是暴力行为发生的危险因素。结论男性、消极应对分数偏高以及ASLEC“其他”因子分数偏高是学校青少年暴力行为发生的危险因素。

Objective To explore the status of self--esteem, coping styles and stress level among adolescents with high risk of violence, and to provide information for further research on violence inter- vention. Methods A total of 1 312 junior and senior middle school students from 2 schools in Shanghai were assessed using stratified sampling and by Barratt Impulsivity Scale--11 （BIS--11 ）, Self--esteem Esteem Scale（SES）, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire（SCSQ）, and Adolescent Self--Rating Life Events Checklist（ASLEC）. The relationships between violence risk and self--esteem, coping styles and stress levels were examined. Results Among 1 312 retrieved questionnaires, 1 305 were valid, 663 from males and 642 from females. The mean age was （14.37±1.71）. 9.4% students were classified as high --risk, the rest as control. Logistic regression analysis showed that male （OR = 4. 427, 95% CI ： 2. 595±6. 952）, high negative coping styles scores （OR = 2. 251, 95% CI ： 1. 452-3. 488）, and high ＂other＂ factor scores （OR =4. 517, 95% CI： 2. 272-8. 978） were the risk factors for adolescent violence. Conclusions It suggests that male, high negative coping styles scores, and high ＂other＂ factor scores are the risk factors for adolescent violence.