基于压缩传感的单点太赫兹成像

Single-pixel Terahertz Imaging Via Compressed Sensing

太赫兹(Terahertz,1THz=1012Hz)波通常是指频率在0.1THz～10THz(波长在3mm～30um)范围内的电磁辐射.随着THz相关技术的发展,THz成像技术在更多领域将显示其更大的实用价值.在本文中,我们对物体进行单点THz成像,此系统的核心是一个单像素探测器和一系列随机掩膜板.成像的方式是基于压缩传感理论(CS).此理论主要包括信号稀疏表示,编码测量和重建算法三部分.其核心思想是将压缩与采样合并进行,首先采集图像的非自适应线性投影(测量值),然后根据相应重构算法由测量值重构原始图像.此系统通过测量图像和单一掩膜板的内积来得到单一THz强度值,最后得到一系列与掩膜板数目相同的测量值.CS理论可以从比N2少得多的测量值中来重建一幅N×N的图像,从而缩短成像时间.这种单点成像系统消除了对物体或THz波束进行光栅扫描的必要,不但提高了成像速度,而且保持了单像素探测的高灵敏度.我们利用连续THz波源—返波振荡器来进行实验并得到了初步实验结果.

With the development of terahertz related technologies, the terahertz imaging technology will show its greater practical value in more areas. In this paper, we describe a terahertz imaging system that uses a single pixel detector in combination with a series of random masks to enable high-speed image acquisition. The image formation is based on the theory of compressed sensing （CS）. When the scene under view is compressible by an algorithm like JPEG or JPEG2000, the CS theory enables us to stably reconstruct an image of the scene from fewer measurements than the number of reconstructed pixels. In this manner, we achieve sub-Nyquist image acquisition. CS theory mainly includes signal sparse representation, encoding measurement and reconstruction algorithm. CS combines sampling and compression into a single non-adaptive linear measurement process. Rather than measuring pixel samples of the scene under view, we measure inner products between the scene and a set of test functions. CS permits the reconstruction of a N-by-N pixel image using much fewer than N2 measurements. This approach eliminates the need for raster scanning of the object or the terahertz beam, while maintaining the high sensitivity of a single-element detector. We demonstrate the concept using a backward wave oscillator （BWO） which is a continuous-wave terahertz source and get a preliminary test result.