丹东市土地利用景观格局及其生态环境效应分析

Analysis of Landscape Pattern of land-use and Its Eco-Environmental Effect in Dandong

基于丹东市2005年的土地利用空间数据,选用斑块数、斑块分离度以及景观多样性指数、优势度指数、均匀度指数和景观破碎化指数等景观特征指数进行了定量评价,在此基础上对研究区土地利用变化及区域生态环境效应进行分析.结果表明:(1)林地景观是丹东市面积最大、分布最广、连续性最强的基质景观,其面积比例为65.08%,斑块个数比例为32.9%,平均斑块面积高达4.56 km2/个,斑块分离度仅为0.30;其次,旱地景观的面积比例也较大,为22.34%,水田的面积比例较小,为4.75%;草地、滩涂、城乡用地及未利用土地面积比例均不足3%.(2)大部分林地景观分布于丹东市中部以及北部,水田、城乡用地及其他用地等均相对集中地分布在丹东市的东南沿海地区.(3)丹东市的生态环境指数为0.65,表明其生态环境质量的总体状况较好.

Based on the spatial data of land utilization of Dandong in 2005, choosing the number of patch, the separating degree of patch, diversity index of landscape, dominance index, evenness index, fragmentation index of landscape and other landscape features index to a quantitative analysis. Based on this, we analyze the land-use change, regional eco-environment in the study area. The results show ： （ 1 ） Woodland landscape is the metric one in Dandong which owns largest area, the most extensive in distribution, strongest in consecution. Its area proportion is 65.08% , patch number proportion 32.9% , average patch area higher than 4.56km2/per, patch dispersion index only 0.30. Next , the area proportion of farmland is also great by 22.34%. The area proportion of paddy field is 4.75%. Grassland, shoal, town, country land and the others are less than 3%. （2） A great part of woodland landscape is in the middle and north of Dandong in distribution. Paddy field,town and country land and other lands are in the east and south parts in concentrative distribution. （3） Eco-environment index in Dandong is higher by O. 65 ,the condition of eco-environment is better than the other coastal cities.