浅析我国农村最低生活保障制度

Analysis on Our Country’s Rural Minimum Living Security System

随着2011年11月底中央决定将我国贫困线调高至2300元/人.年,学界认为我国扶贫标准已逐步接近国际贫困线标准,体现了中央对农村地区的重视,以及改善贫困人口生活的决心。作为扶贫工作的重要组成部分——农村最低生活保障制度在我国已日渐发展成熟,但也存在一些亟待解决的问题。对此,通过对现行农村低保制度的简单概述,介绍其保障对象和标准的规定及其发展历程和所取得的成就,并在此基础上,通过整理相关统计数据分析我国现行农村低保制度存在的保障水平低、覆盖面窄、地区不平衡、城乡低保标准差距不合理以及"悬崖效应"所造成的不公平现象,最后针对存在的这些问题提出应合理制定农村低保标准,应考虑生活质量而不仅仅是生存,重点关注最低生活保障群体和边缘群体,以及需要注重地区平衡,适当考虑老、少、边、穷地区的政策倾斜。

In Nov. 2011, the central government decided to adjust the poverty line to RMB 2300/person.year, and scholars regards that this line has been reaching the international poverty line, which embodies the central government＇s emphasis on the rural areas＇ development. As one important part of poverty alleviation, the rural minimum living security system has developed more and more mature, while there are also some problems need to be solved. This paper elaborates the rural minimum living security system, introduces its development and achievements, and analyzes some unfair phenomenon caused by the problems existing in the system. Finally, it proposes some solutions to these problems.