儒家政治设计思想的政治价值考量

Appraisement on the Political Value of Confucianism’s Political Design Thought

儒家政治思想是一个以探求理想政治秩序为旨归的政治设计学说,维护和指导了中国封建君主专制几千年不倒的政治格局,但这种设计最终还是没能保证其价值目标的整全实现并随着清王朝的灭亡而出局。这种历史命运和其秩序设计的一系列缺陷是分不开的。从政治价值考量的视角看,突出表现为导致了人治主义和权威主义的泛滥和盛行,以及由此而形成的一系列消极效果,包括闭关锁国、等级官僚、臣民意识、英雄史观、命定论、独裁专制等,无法营造和提供自由、民主、平等、正义、福利、尊严等基本政治价值和宽松政治氛围。

Confucian political thought is a theory of political design to reconstruct a ideal political order which maintained and guided the Chinese feudal despotism existing for thousands of years. But it eventually couldn＇t guarantee the Qing Dynasty to realize its goal and lost its role along with the downfall of Qing Dynasty. This kind of historical destiny was closely related to the design defects. From the view vision of political value, the defects can be summed up as the rule of man and authoritarianism which resulted in a series of negative effects just including isolation, hierarchical bureaucracies, subject consciousness, heroism, fatalism, etc, so that it couldn＇t create and provide some basic political value and free political environment, such as freedom, democracy, equality, justice, welfare, dignity, etc.