风疹病毒感染三种实验诊断方法应用分析

Evaluation of Laboratory Diagnosis Methods in Rubella Virus Infection

目的通过比较风疹病毒感染中IgM抗体、病毒核酸和病毒分离等三种检测方法的检测结果．分析其在风疹病毒感染实验室诊断中的应用。方法来源于2009年～2011年中风疹疫情暴发和医院门诊的47份临床诊断为风疹病毒感染患者血液和咽拭子标本，采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELlSA）检测血清中风疹病毒1gM抗体、逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）检测咽拭子中的风疹病毒核糖核酸（RNA）和病毒分离比色法免疫学实验（VICI）分离培养检测风疹病毒，对其结果进行比较。结果IgM抗体和病毒核酸阳性率分别为78．7％和76．6％，两者差异无统计学意义（X2=0．06．P〉0．05）；VI—CI检测阳性率为36．2％，与前两者比较差异显著（X2分别为17．4l和15．62，P〈0．01）；IgM检测在出疹4天后阳性率可迭1000／，而核酸检测在出疹3天内阳性率为100％，病毒分离在出疹3天内阳性率可达68．42％。结论风疹IgM抗体及病毒核酸检测阳性率相当，ELlSA检测lgM抗体操作简便，适用于出疹后期明确病原，而RT—PCR特异敏感，适用于感染早期病原诊断；而VICI实验步骤繁琐、所需时间长，阳性率较低。

Objective To compare the three laboratory diagnosis methods in rubella virus infection. Methods 47 throat swabs and sera collected simultaneously in rubella outbreaks and sporadic cases in Xi＇an from 2009 to 2011 were detected respec- tively by ELISA for rubella IgM,RT-PCR for viral RNA and viral isolation with eolorimetric immunoassay（VICI） for virus. Results The positive rate of Elisa, RT-PCR and VICI respectively was 78.7 %, 76.6 % and 36.2%, ELISA and RT-PCR had no significant difference but the VICI showed significantly different. The IgM positive rate reached 100% after 4 days of eruption,and the RT-PCR positive rate was 100 % in 3 days of eruption, and the VICI positive rate was 68.42 % in 3 days of eruption. Conclusion For RUV infection laboratory diagnosis,ELISA and RT-PCR showed almost same results but ELISA is easy operating and could provide reliable results for the later period of eruption,and RT-PCR is specific and sensitive and is suitable for early diagnosis,and V1CI is time consuming,overlaborate and with low positive rate.