长白山自然保护区道路使用对路域植物和土壤的影响

Influence of road utilization on plant and soil in road effect zone in Changbai Mountain Natural Reserve

道路是森林景观内边缘生境的重要成因之一,确定道路对路域植物和土壤的影响范围是整合道路影响和生态过程的核心问题。以长白山自然保护区两条6 m～8 m宽的利用程度不同的公路周围次生白桦林为对象,研究了道路周围108 m内植被的多样性动态,及大气温度和土壤理化性质。结果表明:(1)利用程度不同的道路对其影响域内林内气温、土壤表层温度、土壤含水量、土壤pH等环境因子,都呈现一定的边缘正效应,且利用程度高道路的影响距离较利用程度低的道路远12 m～24 m。(2)道路边缘0 m～20 m内乔木层的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均明显高于林内。(3)公路利用程度越高,从路旁林缘到林内草本植物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数的变化幅度越大,草本植物多样性的变化距离为12 m～24 m,路旁草本植物的丰富度比林内大7～11。

Road is one of the important reasons that cause the marginal habitats in the forest landscapes,and the estimation of its effect distance on plant species diversity and soil physical characteristic is a key issue to integrate the road effect and ecological processes in forest area.In this paper,the forest community and the soil at a distance of 0 m to 108 m from the each side of two 6-8 m wide roads with different use intensity in Changbai Mountain Natural Reserve were installed to conduct vegetation investigation,air temperature and soil analysis.The results are as follows.The ecological factors including air temperature,soil temperature,soil water content and soil pH showed a positive edge effect in the road-effect zone of the two different use intensity roads,and the effect distance of high use intensity road reached up to 12 m to 24 m longer than the low use intensity one.Within the road effect distance 20 m from the roadside,Shannon-Wiener index of tree layer was significantly higher than the forest away from the road 100 m.The effect distance of Shannon-Wiener index of herbaceous layer beside the high use intensity road was higher than the low use intensity one,with the distance of 12 m to 24 m.Herbaceous plants of roadside were 7 to 11 kinds more than the ones of 100 m from the roads.