中国海岛保护区的发展现状与管理对策

Development status and management countermeasures of island protected areas in China

海岛生态系统独特而脆弱,加强海岛保护区的建设和管理对于维护海岛生态系统平衡、促进海岛资源与环境可持续利用具有重要的意义。文章对中国海岛保护区的发展动态和分布现状进行了分析。截至2011年底,中国已建立各类涉及海岛的保护区117处,初步形成了布局基本合理、类型较为齐全、功能渐趋完善的海岛保护区体系。文章绘制了中国海岛保护区分布图,分析了海岛保护区的地理分布、类型分布和主管部门状况等。目前中国海岛保护区存在着保护区建设和管理经费不足,经济发展与保护的矛盾日益突出,保护区类型布局存在空缺、地方级保护区管理机构和科研监测能力有待加强等问题,并根据这些问题,提出相应的对策。

The ecosystem of island is unique but fragile.Building and managing island protected area is of vital significance in maintaining the balance of island ecosystem,and promoting sustainable utilization of island resources and environment.The development and distribution situation of island protected areas in China were analyzed in the paper.By the end of 2011,117 island protected areas had been established in China,and a system of island protected area has been preliminarily formed in China up to now.A distribution map of the island protected areas in China was drawn based on GIS.The characteristics of type,geographical distributions and departments in charge of these protected areas were also analyzed respectively.At present,there are still some problems existing in the establishment and management of island protected areas,such as the conflict between protection and development,limited funding channels,and inefficient management.In the end,some management countermeasures based on these problems were put forward.