渤海污染的现状与对策分析

Pollution status of the Bohai Sea and control countermeasures

随着环渤海地区经济的快速发展和人口的急剧增长,排入渤海海域的污染物质总量不断增加,污染物质的长期增加和积累造成了渤海环境质量的急剧恶化。渤海环境污染问题日益严重,备受人们的重视。在查阅大量相关文献及实际调查基础上,论述渤海污染现状,主要包括富营养化、重金属污染、石油类污染、沉积物形成的二次污染等;分析导致其污染的原因和危害:陆地污染物的大量排入、海水养殖、油气资源的不合理开发利用和管理体制的不完善。在此基础上,从可持续发展的角度提出了防治渤海污染、改善渤海环境的对策,主要包括依法治海、建立简洁高效的管理机制、应用新技术新手段以及加强预报工作等。

The Around Bohai Region is the third pole of economic jack-up in China.The Bohai Sea makes tremendous contribution to the costal region and the national economical development.However,with the population growth and the rapid development of industry and agriculture in recent years,the pollution in Bohai Sea becomes more and more serious.The long-term accumulation of pollutants results in a sharp deterioration in the environmental quality of the Bohai Sea.On the basis of the large number of literatures and the field investigation on the Bohai Sea pollution,this paper discussed the present pollution situation of the Bohai Sea,such as serious eutrophication,the pollution of heavy mental,petroleum pollution and the secondary pollution formed by sediments and so on.It was pointed out that the pollution of Bohai nearshore area was serious and the ecology development had been affected.The causes of pollution and hazards were analyzed,which included the immission of land pollutants,exploitation of oil and gas resources and inperfect management system.From the view point of sustainable development,the relevant countermeasures for Bohai environmental protection were put forward,which included administering the Bohai legally,establishing concise and efficient management mechanism,applying new technologies and new measures,reinforcing the forecast and so on.