认知视角下的翻译能力探讨

Discussion on the Translation Competence from the Perspective of Cognition

从认知科学的角度来看,翻译是人类的认知过程。翻译能力指掌握和利用目标语知识、文本类型知识、原语知识、现实世界知识以及对比知识等,在翻译过程解决问题、做适当决定的能力。翻译能力的培养需要后天的训练。翻译能力的提升可以透过语义场中的词汇理解以及翻译错误的修正来获取。就翻译教学而言,要通过对学生语言能力的培养、翻译工具书的使用、翻译技巧的训练、知识面的拓展等手段,逐步实现翻译能力的提高。

From the perspective of cognition, translation can be considered as a cognitive process of human beings, in which the translators have to solve many problems and make many decisions when transferring a source language to a target language. However, not every translator has the awareness of the deconstruetion of the text, searching for the functional equivalence while they are translating. In a word, the translators perhaps have no idea of the connection between the linguistic conception and the translation in their translating practices. This paper will first address the definition of translation competence, and then elaborate relevant lexieal analysis on some errors in translation process, and finally propose some suggestions to the practices and teaching of translation.