劳动平等及其在社会主义市场经济下的实现

Employment Equality and Realization of Employment Equality under the Socialist Market Economic System

劳动平等既是产生于商品经济的"普世价值",又是贯穿于社会生产总过程的制度规则。只是在社会主义条件下,劳动平等才取得社会价值体系的主导权,才成为社会经济体系中占主导地位的基本经济关系。劳动平等与其所反映的社会主义经济现实既相矛盾又相统一,社会主义不可能实现完全的劳动平等,但可以提高劳动平等的实现程度。社会主义市场经济下,提高劳动平等实现程度的任务复杂而艰难。一方面,劳动平等与其他市场公平原则并存,形成双重公平叠加的特殊现象;另一方面,企业内部的劳动平等与社会范围的劳动平等既相互区别,又相关联,形成两个层面互动的特殊现象。公有制为主体的市场经济能够建立起全社会范围更高程度的劳动平等。

Employment equality reflects the universal values born in market economy and shows the institutional regulations throughout the process of social production. However, only under the circumstances of socialist system can it obtain a leading position in the social value system and in the basic economic relations. The relation between employment equality and the reality of socialist economy it reflects is both contradictory and united. Although full employment equality cannot be realized in socialism, its degree of realization can be raised. Raising the degree of employment equality under circumstances of socialist market economy is a hard and complicated task. On the one hand, coexistence of employment equality and other market equality principles leads to a particular phenomenon of superimposed equalities. On the other hand, employment equality within the enterprise and employment equality in the whole society are distinguished from one another and related to each other, resulting in the special phenomenon of dynamic interactions between them. The paper concludes that higher degree of employment equality in the whole society can be realized under circumstances of market economy if public ownership is the leading economic system.