重庆统筹城乡改革缩小了城乡收入差距吗?——基于合成控制法的经验研究

Does Chongqing’s Overall Urban and Rural Development Reform Shrink the Income Gap?——Empirical Research Based on Synthetic Control Method

2007年重庆市被设立为全国统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区,在推进城乡经济协调发展方面进行了诸多改革,其中户籍制度、地票制度、"三权"抵押融资等改革措施,有效促进了劳动力、土地和资本等生产要素在城乡间的流动。利用合成控制法分析全国统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区的设立对重庆市城乡居民收入差距的影响,结果表明:如果没有设立全国统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区,2007—2011年重庆城乡居民收入比的降幅为12.7%,而重庆城乡居民收入比实际降幅为21.8%,即重庆的统筹城乡改革使其城乡居民收入比多下降了0.37。可见,设立全国统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区后,重庆的统筹城乡改革通过促进资源自由流动提高了农村居民相对收入水平,对其城乡居民收入差距的缩小产生了积极的影响。因此,资源错配是我国城乡居民收入差距产生和扩大的重要原因之一,破除对资源自由流动的限制可以有效缩小城乡收入差距,实现城乡协调发展。

Chongqing was defined as China＇s overall urban and rural development reform pilot zone in 2007,Chongqing conducted many reforms in the perspective of urban and rural economic coordinative development,among which the reform measures such as household register system reform,securitized land system,＂three-right＂ collateral and so on effectively promote the flow of production factors such as labor force,land and capital and so on between urban and rural areas.The synthetic control method is used to analyze the influence of China＇s overall urban and rural development reform pilot zone on the gap of the income between urban and rural residents,and the results show that if there is not the pilot zone,the decrease ratio of urban resident income to rural resident income is 12.7 percent,however,the real decrease ratio of urban resident income to rural resident income is 21.8 percent,Chongqing＇s overall urban and rural development reform made the ratio decrease 0.37 more.As a result,after the set-up of the pilot zone in Chongqing,Chongqing＇s overall urban and rural development reform raises relative income level of rural residents through boosting resources free-flow and has active influence on shrinking the income gap between urban and rural residents,thus,one of important reasons for the emergence and enlargement of income gap between urban and rural residents of China is mis-location of resources and the lifting of the restriction on free-flow of resources can effectively shrink the income gap between urban and rural areas to realize coordinative development between urban and rural areas.