少数民族贫困地区扶贫制度变迁的特殊性与优化

Particularity and Optimization of Poverty Alleviation System Evolution in Minority Nationalities Area

在我国扶贫开发体系的形成过程中,由于制度变迁的路径依赖和区域特殊性,少数民族贫困地区扶贫制度变迁相对迟缓,而且政府在扶贫中的作用比其他贫困地区更强,加上扶贫委托代理制度存在的缺陷,使其扶贫效率较低;同时,少数民族贫困地区扶贫制度的变迁多为强制性变迁,没有经过从诱致性变迁到强制性变迁的转变过程,而且正式制度的变迁与其非正式制度存在较大摩擦,使得扶贫制度变迁的适用性较低。应加快少数民族贫困地区扶贫开发制度的变迁速度;引导与鼓励诱致性制度变迁,增强制度诱致性变迁与强制性变迁的结合;优化扶贫开发委托代理制度,实现"权责利"统一,提高扶贫效率。

In the process of the formation of China＇s poverty alleviation development system,because of path dependence of system evolution and regional particularity,the poverty alleviation system evolution in minority nationalities areas is relatively slow,however,governmental role in poverty alleviation for the areas is stronger than for other poverty areas,plus the defect of principal-agent system in the poverty alleviation,the efficiency of the poverty alleviation is relatively lower,meanwhile,the evolution of the poverty alleviation system in the minority nationalities areas is largely coercive evolution,did not undergo the changing process from inducing evolution to coercive evolution,furthermore,the evolution of formal system has large conflict with informal system,which makes the suitability of the poverty alleviation system evolution be relatively lower.China should accelerate the speed of the poverty alleviation development system evolution in minority nationalities areas,guide and encourage inducing system evolution,enhance the combination of inducing system evolution and coercive system evolution,optimize principal-agent system in the poverty alleviation development and realize the unification of ＂rights,responsibility and interests＂ to raise the efficiency of the poverty alleviation.