2010年全国结核病防治核心信息全民知晓率调查分析

The national awareness survey on key TB messages in 2010

目的了解评价2010年全国结核病防治知识全民知晓率水平,指导今后全国结核病防治健康促进和健康教育工作。方法采用多阶段分层整群等比例随机抽样方法,在全国共抽取176个流行病学调查点(包括城镇点77个,乡村点99个)。使用2010年全国结核病防治知识全民知晓率调查专家组设计的调查问卷(问卷问题分别对应5条结核病防治核心信息)对调查点所有15岁及以上居民进行面对面询问式调查,共调查252 981人,问卷全部有效。结果5条结核病防治核心信息总知晓率为57.0%(720 912/1 264 905)。第一条核心信息肺结核是一种严重危害人们健康的慢性呼吸道传染病的知晓率为68.0%(171 961/252 981);第二条咳嗽、咯痰2周以上,或痰中带血丝,应怀疑得了肺结核的知晓率为74.4%(188 252/252 981);第三条怀疑得了肺结核,应到县(区)级结核病防治机构(简称"结防机构")接受检查和治疗的知晓率为61.5%(155 611/252 981);第四条在县(区)级结防机构检查和治疗肺结核可享受国家免费政策的知晓率为30.7%(77 757/252 981);第五条只要坚持正规治疗,绝大多数肺结核患者是可以治愈的知晓率为50.3%(127 331/252 981)。5条核心信息中免费政策信息知晓率最低(χ2=121 924.1,P<0.001)。结论各地应加强结核病防治核心信息知晓情况和特点分析,因地制宜地计划和实施结核病防治健康促进和健康教育工作。

Objective To learn and evaluate the awareness level of TB knowledge in 2010 to guide future health promotion and health education on TB control nationwide. Methods The multi-stage stratified clustered equal ratio random sampling method was applied to select 176 survey sites nationwide including 77 urban sites and 99 rural sites. All 252 981 subjects who are 15 years old and above at the survey sites were interviewed face-to-face with the same questionnaire designed by the expert group of the National Awareness Survey （There are 5 questions in the questionnaire corresponding to the 5 key TB messages）. Results The general awareness rate of all 5 key messages is 57.0%（720 912/1 264 905）. The awareness rate of the first key message, pulmonary TB is a harmful chronic respiratory infectious disease, is 68.0 % （ 171 961/252 981）; the rate of the second key message, coughing with sputum for more than 2 weeks is highly suspicious of TB, is 74.4%（188 252/252 981） ;the rate of the third key message, TB suspects should go to the county TB dispensary for examination and treatment, is 61.5%（155 611/252 981） ;the rate of the fourth key message, TB examination and treatment at county TB dispensary is free of charge, is 30.7%（77 757/252 981）;and the rate of the fifth key message, most pulmonary TB patients will be cured with standard treatment, is 50.3%（127 331/252 981）. Out of the 5 key messages, the awareness of the message of freecharge service is the lowest（χ^2=121 924. 1, P〈0. 001）. Conclusion The awareness of key TB messages need to be further analyzed at all leveis to plan and implement localized TB control health promotion and health education activities in the future.