关于在西北地区大力推广种植驼绒藜的建议

Recommendations about Extension of Ceratoides Growing in the Northwest China

驼绒藜是黎科驼绒藜属[Ceratoides(Tourn.)Gagnedi]半灌木植物的通称。20年来,内蒙古畜牧科学院对其进行了较为系统的研究,包括植物分类、生态生物学特性、饲用价值及其引种驯化、生态型选育、栽培技术、区域推广、染色体核型、营养器官内部构造、花粉粒形态、种子生理特性、同功酶分析等。驼绒藜的优点:①抗逆性强:抗旱、抗寒、耐瘠薄、耐风蚀、喜沙、易栽培;②饲用价值高:营养丰富、适口性好、生长速度快、产草量高;③生态效益好:繁殖力强、根系发达、防风固沙、保持水土、生长期长,是改良土壤和造林的先锋植物。这表明,在我国西北大部地区发展驼绒藜对于恢复草地植被、促进农业可持续发展以及提高生态、经济和社会效益均具有重大意义。特别是新品种"科尔沁型"华北驼绒藜,其地上生物量高,生态效应好。因此,在种植时应因地制宜选种、规划,先行建立驼绒藜种子基地,以便进一步研究其果实加工处理与种子寿命延长的技术措施,从而继续培育新的优良品种。介绍了西北地区的生态现状,阐述了驼绒藜的生态生物学特性和研究现状,分析了大力种植驼绒藜的好处,并提出了在西北地区大力推广种植驼绒藜的建议。

Ceratoides is the generic term for the semi-shrub plants of Ceratoides （Tourn.）Gagnedi. In the past 20 years, Inner Mongolia Academy of Animal Husbandry Science performed systematic studied on it, including plant taxonomy, ecological and biological characteristics, feeding value and its introduction and domestication, eeo-breeding, cultivation techniques, regional outreach, karyotype, the internal structure of the vegetative organs ,pollen grain morphology, seed physiological characteristics, isozymeanalysis, and so on. Advantages of Ceratoides ： （1）resistance to drought, cold, barren and wind erosion, easy cultivation ;（2） high value of forage：rich nutrition, palatability, fast growth, high forage yield; （3）ecological benefits： multiply rapidly, developed root system,windbreak and sand, soil and water conservation,long growing season. It＇s a pioneer plant for soil improvement and afforestation. This shows that developing Ceratoides in most areas of northwest China is of great significance for restoring grassland vegetation, promoting the sustainable development of agriculture and improving the ecological, economic and social benefits. In particularly,the new cuhivar ＂Ceratoides arborescens （Losinsk.）Tsien et C. G. Ma cv. Keerqinxing＂ has high aboveground biomass and good ecological effects. It should be planted according to local conditions selection,planning,firstly to create Ceratoides seed base, and then further to study the fruit processing and seed longevity technical measures, and continue to foster new superior breeds.