新疆和硕地区荒漠景观中无形体感染的流行病学调查

Prevalence of Anaplasma spp. infection in a desert landscape region of Heshuo, Xinjiang

目的明确无形体病在新疆南部和硕地区人群、山羊与媒介蜱种群中流行状况，探明该地区无形体种属多样性。方法采集当地健康人和山羊的血液样本，捕捉蜱样本；利用间接免疫荧光方法检测血清无形体特异性IgG抗体；通过巢式PCR方法检测无形体16SrDNA基因片段，通过序列比对分析确定无形体种属特征。结果和硕地区农牧民、山羊血清中无形体特异性IgG抗体阳性率分别为43.31％（55／127）和27．50％（55／200）；采集获得蜱共367只，包括3属4种，其中主要为亚洲璃眼蜱（47．41％）和短小扇头蜱（37．60％）；蜱、羊血样本无形体核酸阳性率分别为5．00％（18／360）和4．49％（7／156），人血中未检出无形体；序列测定与比对分析表明，阳性扩增序列与嗜吞噬细胞无形体（GU046565、GU064897、ABl96721）同源性最高，分别为99．2％、99．5％和99．5％，与中央无形体16SrDNA（GU064903）序列一致，同源性为99．2％。结论新疆和硕地区荒漠景观中存在人嗜吞噬细胞无形体与中央无形体的流行，并可能通过亚洲璃眼蜱与短小扇头蜱传播。

Objective To study the prevalence of Anaplasmosis among human, domestic sheep and tick population in Heshuo area, southern Xinjiang and to investigate the diversity of Anaplasma species. Methods Ticks were captured from wild field and blood samples were collected from healthy residents and their domestic sheep. Indirect fluorescent assay was carried out to determine the presence of Anaplasma specific IgG antibodies in blood sample of human and goats, respectively. Nested PCR and sequence alignment of Anaplasma partial 16S rDNA were used to investigate the diversity of Anaplasma species. Results 43.31% （55/127） of human beings and 27.50% （55/200） of the goats were found positive forAnaplasrna specific IgG. In total, 367 ticks were captured, including 3 genus and 4 species, which mainly consisting of dominate Hyalomma （H.） asiaticum （47.41%） and Rhipicephalus （R.） pumilio （37.60%）. 5.00% （18/360） of the questing ticks and 4.49% （7/156） of the goat blood samples were found to have had 16S rDNA, representing Anaplasma sp. by nested PCR, but none was found from human beings. Results from sequencial alignment revealed that the positive amplicons were identified to be Anaplasma phagocytophilum （99.2% GU046565, 99.5% GU064897 and 99.5% AB196721） and Anaplasma central （99.2% GU064903）. Conclusion Human and zoonotic anaplasmosis, which were probably transmitted by H. asiaticum and R. pumilio, were co-circulating in the desert landscape of Heshuo area, Xinjiang.