基层医院新生儿院内感染易感因素分析及防治对策

Analysis of susceptible factors of neonatal nosocomial infection in primary hospital and the control countermeasures

目的了解基层医院新生儿医院感染的临床特点及易感因素，探讨新生儿院内感染的防治对策，有效降低新生儿院内感染率。方法回顾性分析2010年10月至2012年9月新生儿医院感染的临床特点及易感因素。结果胎膜早破、早产儿、低体重儿、侵袭性操作等是医院感染的高危因素；呼吸道及皮肤软组织感染是新生儿感染高发部位。结论新生儿医院感染受多因素影响，其中医护人员的防控意识、无菌操作、手卫生依从性，病房的消毒管理水平及孕期的宣教力度等综合因素至关重要，是控制新生儿医院感染的重点环节。

Objective To understand the clinical characteristics and susceptible factors of neonatal nosocomial infection in primary hospital, and discuss the control measures in order to effectively reduce the neonatal nosocomial infection rate. Methods A retrospective analysis about clinical characteristics and susceptible factors of neonatal nosocomial infection was carried out from October 2010 to September 2012. Results Premature rupture of fetal membranes, premature infant, low birth weight, invasive opera- tion were high risk factors for nosocomial infection. Infection most often occurred in respiratory tract, skin and soft tissue. Conclusions Neonatal nosocomial infection is influenced by many factors, in which the awareness of prevention and control among the medical staff, the aseptic operation, hand hygiene compli- ance, the ward disinfection management level and education during the pregnancy are crucial, which are the key link in the control of neonatal nosocomial infection.