新发现唐朝最早“策学”之作考证

A Textual Research on the Newly Discovered Writings on Cexue in the Tang Dynasty

唐初的科举考试,不论进士科、明经科、制科都试策问。为了应对科考,举子习作策论,官员也撰写作为辅导性质的策论,大量策论遂应运而生,从而在唐代形成一种特殊文体——策论。研究唐代的策论,则成为"策学"。时至今日,唐代时务策留存甚少,能够确定的最早的科场进士时务策,为贞观间上官仪之进士对策。至于作为习作或辅导性质的策学之作,有学者认为中唐诗人白居易成书于元和间的《白氏策林》四卷是唐代留存至今的最早策学著作。其实,迄今为止所能见到的唐代保存至今的最早策学之作,当属日藏《令集解》中所载唐太宗贞观初魏徵撰写的进士《时务策》,它比《白氏策林》早出一百七十年左右。

In the early Tang Dynasty,the only testing form in the Imperial Examination for Jinshi（进士）,Mingjing（明经）and Zhike（制科）was Celun（策论）.To meet the requirements of the Examination,candidates were keen on learning the writing skills of Celun and officials catered to their needs by writing Celun samples as guidance materials,leading to the proliferation of Celun,a special literary style in the Tang Dynasty.Cexue is the study of Celun.However,only a small number of works on Shiwu Ce（时务策） have been preserved,among which the Jinshi Ce（进士策） written by Shangguan Yi is determined as the earliest Shiwu Ce during the Imperial Examinations.Some scholars believe that Bai Juyi＇s Baishi Celin（《白氏策林》）,written during the mid Tang Dynasty,was the earliest Cexue work kept to the day.But actually Wei Zheng＇s Shiwu Ce（collected in Japan） should be the earliest one because it was written about 170 years earlier than Baishi Celin.