外科医生抑郁症状与职业紧张的关系

Relationship between depression symptoms and stress in surgeons

目的探讨外科医生抑郁症状与职业紧张的关系。方法采用流行病学调查方法,用抑郁自评量表测评心理健康,使用职业紧张测量工具测量职业紧张因素、紧张缓解因素,调查年龄、性别、文化程度、医院等级、周平均工作时间等资料。数据分别用χ2检验、方差分析、逐步回归模型进行分析。结果肯定有抑郁症状者占49.0%,总平均得分为20.05±7.61,女性肯定有抑郁症状发生率高于男性,51～62岁组抑郁症状发生率高于其他年龄组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。肯定有抑郁症状者紧张因素中工作冲突(包括组间冲突、组内冲突)、技术利用、工作危险、工作前景、工作中角色(包括角色冲突、角色模糊)、物理环境和紧张缓解因素中忍耐性行为方式、工作心理控制源、社会支持(包括上级支持、家庭支持、同事支持)得分明显高于无抑郁症状者和可能有抑郁症状者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);提升机会、任务控制、竞争性行为方式、应付策略、自尊感得分明显低于无抑郁症状者和可能有抑郁症状者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。工作角色、工作危险、工作前景、性别、行为方式、社会支持、周工作时间、物理环境、应付策略、工作单调性被引入回归方程。结论外科医生抑郁症状发生较为突出,人口学特征、职业紧张因素和缓解因素影响抑郁症状得分。

Objective To investigate the relationship between occupational stress and depression symptoms in surgeons.Methods Depression symptoms were measured by the depression scale recommended by the American Epidemiological Survey Center.The occupational stress questionnaire were used to investigate the stressors,modifiers,and coping strategies as well as the subjects＇ age,gender,education level,the hospital rank and average working hours per week.χ2 test was used to analyze the difference among different groups.The analysis of variance was used for testing the difference of stressors,personalities etc.among the groups with different scores of depression.The variables obtained in the optional prediction equation were identified by multiple stepwise regression analysis.Results The incidence rate of definite depression symptoms was 49.0%,whose total average score was 20.05±7.61.The female surgeons had higher incidence rate of depression symptoms than that of male ones.The ~62 years group had higher incidence rate than others（P0.05）.The rescuers in the group with definite depression symptoms had higher scores than those of other two groups in work conflict,job control,job hazards,future job ambiguity,job role,physical factors,type B behavior,work locus of control,and social support.The former had lower scores than those of other two groups in the scores of promotion,type A behavior,coping strategies and autonomy.Ten variables entered the predictive equation of depression score.Conclusions There are more prominent depressive symptoms in surgeons.Stressors,modifiers and personalities may affect symptoms of the depression score.