某市不同行业企业职业健康的管理现状

Management situation of occupational health in different enterprises

目的分析不同类型厂矿企业职业健康管理工作的特点和存在的问题,为做好职业健康管理工作提供依据。方法以在某市安全生产监督管理局登记及监管的所有生产经营企业为调查对象,根据《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》的相关条款及职业健康监督管理的主要内容制定调查表,幷组织企业负责职业卫生的专职人员进行填写。结果化工企业管理机构设置落实率较高(78.7%),陶瓷企业最低(48.3%);煤炭企业专项经费落实率为88.2%,而轻工企业仅为55.6%;企业职业病危害因素申报率为28.5%,对建设项目进行职业病危害预评价及控制效果评价的企业均不足10%,化工企业相对落实较好,轻工企业最差;76.6%的化工企业有监测制度,陶瓷企业仅为11.7%;落实有害因素日常监测和上岗前及在岗期间职业健康检查较好的为煤炭企业(分别为52.9%、88.2%和94.1%),陶瓷企业最差(分别为18.3%、15.0%和23.3%);化工企业健康教育培训率较高,而陶瓷、水泥、轻工企业健康教育落实不到位;化工企业危害告知落实率66.0%,陶瓷企业为18.3%;化工企业应急救援预案落实率100%,陶瓷企业为25.0%。结论该市化工、煤炭企业管理机构、专项经费、有害因素监测、健康检查、健康教育及应急救援措施均较其他行业企业落实的好,轻工、水泥、陶瓷企业各项职业卫生管理落实较差,应加强这些企业的职业卫生监督检查力度。

Objective To analyze the management features and existing problems in occupational health management in different types of industrial enterprises and to provide criteria for its promotion.Methods All registered manufacturing enterprises in Tangshan municipal bureau of safety inspection were investigated.A questionnaire was designed according to relevant provisions of Occupational Disease Prevention Treatment Act and main items of occupational health surveillance.The questionnaire was completed by the responsible occupational health professionals.The occupational health management status was analyzed for different industrial enterprises.Results The implementation rate of occupational services in chemical enterprises was comparatively high（78.7%） and in ceramic enterprises was the lowest（48.3%）.88.2% of coal companies had special funds for occupational health,while in light industrial enterprises only 55.6%.Only 28.5 % of enterprises reported occupational hazardous factors.Less than 10 % of enterprises conducted pre-evaluation of occupational hazards for constructing projects.Among them chemical enterprises were comparatively better,and the light industrial enterprises were the worst.76.6% of the chemical enterprises carried out environment monitoring systems,while in ceramic enterprises only 11.7%.The routine environment monitoring of harmful factors and health surveillance were conducted comparatively good in the coal enterprises（52.9%,88.2 and 94.1% respectively）,the worst was in the ceramic enterprises（18.3%,15.0% and 23.3% respectively）.The occupational health education and training were better in chemical enterprises than in ceramic,cement and light industrial enterprises.The implementation rate of hazards notice in chemical enterprises was 66.0%,while in ceramic enterprises only 18.3%.The implementation rate of emergency response plans in chemical enterprises was 100%,while in ceramic enterprises only 25.0%.Conclusions Results show that in chemical and coal enterprises occupational services,special fund budget,environment monitoring,medical surveillance,health education and emergency rescue measures are better than in other industrial enterprises.In light industrial enterprises,cement enterprises,and ceramic enterprises all these measures should be reinforced and implemented,and inspection to these enterprises should also be enhanced.